1. vehicle - екіпаж, віз, автомобіль

2. interna! combustion engine - двигун внутрішнього згорання

3. stroke - хід

4. crankcase - картер

5. crank-drive assembly - кривошипний механізм

6. wrist- pin - поршневий палець

7. connecting rod - шатун

8. crankshaft - колінчастий вал

9. vaive tappet - штовхач клапана

10. control gear - система управління, механізм управління

11. oil fuel - рідке паливо

12. to move piston up and down - рухати поршень уверх і униз

13. a flywheel - маховик

14. inlet valve - впускний клапан

15. exhaust valve - випускний клапан

16. to admit mixture - впускати суміш

17. to escape - виходити

18. to turn up and down motion into - перетворювати зворотно­поступальний pyx в ...

19. camshaft - розподільний вал, кулачковий вал

    1. Завдання

Назвіть, від яких частин мови утворені нижче наведені слова:

fundamentally, difference, foundation, stationary.

2. TEXT 2-А.

ENGINE

The engine is the power plant of the vehicle. In general, internal combustion engines are used operating with some fuel (petrol, benzol, diesel oil). Depending on the combustion process, the engines are fundamentally classified as carburetor engines and diesel engines.

Sometimes, the carburetor engines are called light-oil engines and the diesel engines are called heavy-oil engines.

Another difference results from the working method of the internal nbustion engine. A difference is made between four-stroke cycle engines and two-stroke cycle engines.

The engine is assembled of various cast pieces: its foundation and main stationary body is formed by the cylinder block with the top portion of the crankcase to which the cylinder heads and the bottom portion of the crankcase are bolted.

The crankcase with its main bearings houses the crank-drive assembly, comprising the pistons, the wrist-pins, the connecting rods and the crankshaft. Besides the valves, the valve operating mechanism with crankshaft, control gears and valve tappets, ignition systems, carburetor, water pump, fan, fuel pump and oil pump are parts of the engine.

Завдання 1.

Перекладіть слідуючі словосполучення з тексту.

power plant; internal combustion engine; light-oil engine; heavy-oil engine; four-stroke engine; two-stroke engine; cast pieces; cylinder head; bottom portion; valve operating mechanism.

Завдання 2.

Перекладіть слідуючі реченя, звертаючи увагу на переклад ^особистих форм дієслова.

1. Internal combustion engines are used operating with some fuel.

2. Depending on the combustion process, the engines are fundamentally classified as carburetor engines and diesel engines.

3. The crankcase with its main bearings houses the crank-drive assembly, comprising the pistons, the wrist-pins, the connecting rods and the crankshaft.

ЗАВДАННЯ 3.

Підготуйте короткі розповіді на наведені нижче теми, використовуючи приведені в дужках слова і вирази.

А) принципи класифікації двигунів.

(combustion process, carburetor, engine, diesel engine, working method, four-stroke cycle, two-stroke cycle).

Б) основні частини двигуна.

(cylinder block, crankcase, cylinder head, crank-drive assembly, ^istons, wrist-pins, connecting rod, crankshaft, valves, camshaft, control w^ears, valve tappets, fan...).

ЗАВДАННЯ 4.

Прочитайте і запам’ятайте слідуючі речення (робота в парах).

Двигун складають із різних ливарних деталей. Необхідно відрізняти двотактнічотирьохтактні двигуни. Деталями двигуна являються:клапани,карбюратор,паливний та масляний насоси та інше. Головки циліндра і нижня частина картера закріплюються до блоку циліндра.

The engine is assembled of various cast pieces. It is necessary to make difference й between four-stroke cycle and two-stroke cycle engines. 3.Parts of the engine are valves,carburetor, fuel and oil pumps and so on. The cylinder heads and the bottom portion of the crankcase are bolted to the cylinder block.

TEXT 2-B.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

The internal combustion engine converts heat into mechanical energy by burning a mixture of oil fuel and air within its cylinder or cylinders. The internal combustion engine consists of the following:

1. A cylinder (there may be several).

2. A piston which moves up and down inside a cylinder.

3. A crankshaft connected to the piston by a rod known as a connecting rod.

The connecting rod turns the up-and-down motion of the piston into a rotary motion of the crankshaft.

4. A flywheel to keep the crankshaft moving when no pressure is exerted upon the piston.

5. Two valves one to admit the mixture of air and fuel into the cylinder and the other to allow the exhaust gas to escape, the first being known as the inlet valve, and the other as the exhaust valve.

6. A camshaft which is used to open and to close the valves driven by gears from the engine crankshaft.