Завдання 1.

Підкресліть суфікси та префікси слідуючих слів, визначте, якою частиною мови вони є і від яких слів вони утворені:

constantly, excessive, lubrication, effectively, recirculate, production, mixture.

Завдання 2.

Назвіть, від яких дієслів утворені іменники: application, generation, prevention, passage; прикметники: different, suitable, continuous, protective, effective.

TEXT 6-А.

LUBRICATION SYSTEM

Since there are many moving parts within the engine, a system by which oil is constantly supplied to these parts is necessary to prevent excessive wear. The lubrication system may be of several types that splash or force oil onto all sliding or rolling metal surfaces. The full pressure system of oiling the crank, the connecting rod, bearings, piston pins, camshaft, etc. has holes which are drilled through the crankshaft and connecting rod and a system of oil is forced through these holes by the oil pump.

The oil is fed onto the bearing surfaces and is thrown out on a spray that effectively covers the cylinder walls. In addition the oil is forced through drilled leads to the camshaft bearings and valve mechanisms. The oil drains off the various engine parts into the oil pan in the bottom of the engine. The oil pump continually forces the oil back through the oil passages and recirculates it through the engine.

The oil forms a protective film or coating that clings to the surface of the metal and prevents direct metal-to-metal contact. The sliding parts are, in effect, floating on films of oil. Modern lubrication systems on automotive engines provide adequate oil to all moving parts.

In addition to providing lubrication, the oil also carries away from the moving parts some of the heat that the engine creates in operation. The heat is transferred to the oil pan and from there to the surrounding air.

Примітки:

1. to prevent excessive wear - щоб запобігти надмірному зносу

2. splash lubrication - змазування розбризкуванням

3. force lubrication - змазування під тиском

4. to drain off - стікати, випускати, зливати

5. metal-to-metal contact - контакт металевих поверхонь

4. Завдання 1

Прочитайте слідуючі речення з інфінітивом та з інфінітивом + модальні дієслова, перекладіть їх, звернувши увагу на їхні форми і функції.

1. The amount of work to be required is to be defined beforehand.

2. To increase the speed of cars is a complicated problem.

3. Much remains to be done to meet these requirements.

4. Energy may be transported by many different ways.

5. Care must be taken to avoid overheating the detail.

ЗАВДАННЯ 2.

Зробіть лексико-граматичний аналіз слідуючого речення:

Since there are many moving parts within the engine, a system by which oil is constantly supplied to these parts is necessary to prevent excessive wear.

ЗАВДАННЯ 3.

Дайте українські еквіваленти слідуючим англійським словосполученням:

relief valves головна масляна магістраль

oil pump редукційні клапани

oil piping запобіжний клапан

engine crankcase масляний насос

oil main картер двигуна

safety valve маслопровід

ЗАВДАННЯ 4.

Дайте відповідь на слідуючі запитання:

1. What is the purpose of the lubrication system?

2. What types of lubrication system are used?

3. What is the oil pump used for?

ЗАВДАННЯ 5.

Розкажіть про систему змазування двигуна, використовуючи малюнок та слідуючі дієслова:

to supply, to prevent, to force, to form, to provide, to transfer.

SCHEME OF ENGINE Y A Z-53 LUBRICATION

1. oil radiator - масляний радіатор

2. radiator switching cock - кран включення радіатора

3. safety valve - запобіжний клапан

4. centrifuge - центрифуга

5. rocker axis - вісь коромисел

6. oil main - головна масляна магістраль

7. top oil pump section - верхня секція масляного насоса

8. bottom oil pump section - нижня секція масляного насоса

9. relief valves - редукційні клапани

10. oil pump - масляний насос

11. l.oil section - маслоприймач

12. engine crankcase - картер двигуна

13. Oil piping — маслопровід

TEXT 6-B.

Прочитайте текст і дайте відповіді на запитання:

1. What types of oils are used for automobile engines?

2. Where are they used?

LUBRICATING OILS

Transmission oil, summer oil /Z/ and winter oil IZI are used for automobile engines with cluster and bevel gears. These oils with additions (sulphurised oils) are for heavily overloaded transmissions. A special hypoid oil is used for rear with axles hypoid gears. For automatic gear case a special oil is used.