UNIT 1.

Зверніть увагу на вимову слідуючих слів

a ccelerator ammeter battery carburetor contact cylinder dynamo electricity instrument

mechanic starter thermometer transmission taxi

Слова та вирази для запам’ятовування:

to drive to steer steering wheel brake accelerate gear lever gear box clutch to disengage engine i 1. bodywork bonnet to contain tool boot ty re petrol pump 1 plug i y. to charge 20. to lubricate

водити,приводити до руху правити, керувати кермом рульове колесо гальмо збільшувати швидкість важіль переключення коробки передач тяги управлення коробка швидкостей зчеплення включати, розчіпляти муфту зчеплення двигун кузов капот містити інструмент заднє відділення кузова легкового автомобіля шина, покришка паливний насос свічка заряджати змащувати

TEXT 1-A.

INSIDE THE CAR.

The use of motor-cars changes the life. People like to drive by car and cover long distances with comfort.

• Let’s have a look at the car. We are inside it. There is the seat for the driver in the front and three seats for passengers in the back. All rounnd the car are windows to see out - except in the front. This is the windscreen and there are also things to sweep rain off it. We call them the windscreen wipers¹.

When we drive the car we steer with the steering wheel. If there are obstacles in the way we stop the car with the brake - we brake the car. When the way is clear to go again we accelerate to help us move off. The car has a gear box and five gears. There is also a gear lever. We change gears by pushing the gear lever from one gear to the next. To help us to do this we have a foot-pedal. We call it the clutch. We put the clutch out to disengage the engine and we put the clutch in to make it drive again. When we want to stop the car we put on the hand-brake. To start the engine we switch on the ignition and press the starter. And lastly to change direction we signal with the indicators. With our hands we steer with steering wheel, change gear with gear lever, and put on the hand brake. With our feet we accelerate by using the accelerator, stop by using the foot-brake and change gear by using the clutch.

Now let us look round the outside of the car. Front and rear come to the bumpers to protect the bodywork. In the four corners are the - “'heels. The bonnet covers the engine. There is also the compartment to -i» .ontain your luggage, the tools for the car and the spare wheel. We call this compartment the boot. But why do we need a spare wheel? When a tyre goes flat² all the air comes of it because it has a puncture. So we lift the car on a jack, change the wheel and drive on.

The main part of the engine consists of the cylinders and the valves. Air and petrol go into the engine by means of the carburetor. The petrol reaches the carburetor from the petrol tank through the action of the petrol pump. The mixture is ignited by an electric spark from one of the plugs, x ne electricity is stored³ in the battery and the battery is charged by the dynamo. The engine is often cooled by water from the radiator and lubricated by oil. The exhaust gases from the engine go away through a pipe. To control the operation of the engine we have a speedometer and an oil pressure gauge⁴, a thermometer and an ammeter to see if the dynamo charges the battery or not. These are the basic instruments.

. At last what do we get? We get a lot of things. We have the steering

how to keep the car straight or make it turn. We have the brakes - how to stop the car; and the engine - how to make it go.

Примітки

1. windscreen wiper 2.goes flat 3: is stored 4.oil pressure ga

1.склоочисник 2.тут: спускає / повітря / 3.тут: акумулюється 4.показчик тиску масла

ЗАВДАННЯ 1.

Перекладіть слідуючі словосполучення з тексту письмово:

to cover long distance; to sweep the rain off the windscreen; to steer the car; to brake the car; gear lever; to put the clutch in /out/; to start the engine; to switch on the ignition; to press the starter; fqot-pedal; steering wheel; to change direction

ЗАВДАННЯ 2.

Назвіть, від яких дієслів утворені Іменники:

driver, ignition, starter, direction indicator, accelerator, operation.

ЗАВДАННЯ 3.

Дайте відповідь на слідуючі питання:

1. When do we steer with the steering wheel?

2. When do we put the clutch out?

3. When do we put on the hand-brake?

4. What do we do to start the engine?

5. What do we use bumpers for?

6. When do we use the spare wheel?

7. What do we use to keep the car straight or make it turn?

8. How do we call the compartment for the luggage?

9. Where is there a seat for the driver? How many seats are there in a car for passengers?

10. What do the drivers use the windscreen wipers for?

11. What does the driver do when he sees an obstacle?

Завдання 4. Поставте до кожної назви відповідну цифру, вказану на фігурі.

seat for the driver seat for passenger windscreen steering wheel gear box gear lever

engine boot hand brake bumper bodywork bonnet

tyre spare wheel

Малюнок 1

Завдання 5.

Назвіть англійські еквіваленти приведеним українським словам та словосполученням:

рульове колесо gear box

включати запалювання petrol pump

натискувати на стартер bodywork

змінити напрямок to steer the car

гальмувати автомобіль boot

'запускати двигун steering wheel

керувати автомобілем to switch on ignition

коробка швидкостей to start the engine

кузов to brake the car

капот to change direction

паливний насос to press the starter

Завдання 6.

Знайдіть в кожному ряді слово, переклад якого даний на початку ряда:

1. товари a)vehicle, b)stages, c)substance, d)goods.

2. значити, мати на увазі a)to mean, b)to pay, c)to make.

3. грузовик a)driver, b)coal, c)lorry, d)railway.

4. той самий a)in turn, b)backward, c)the same, d)total.

5.. колесо a)wind, b)weight, c)light, d)wheel.

6. двигун a)engine, b)lorry, c)source, d)force.

7. гальмо a)boot, b)bodywork, c)brake, d)bridge.

8. кузов a)tool, b)bodywork, c)boot, d)tyre.

Завдання 7.

Підготуйте короткі розповіді на запропоновані нижче геми, використовуючи приведені в дужках слова і вирази.

А) Салон автомобіля

seat for the driver, windscreen, steering wheel, the brake, a gear box, a gear lever, clutch engine, hand-brake, ignition, the starter, foot brake, indicator, accelerator.

Б)Зовнішня частина автомобіля

bodywork, bonnet, to contain, tools, the boot, a tyre.

В) Основні деталі двигуна

cylinder, valve, carburetor, to reach, petrol pump, to ignite, spark, plug, to charge, to cool, to lubricate.

Завдання 8. Прочитайте і запам’ятайте слідуючі речення:

1.There is a seat for the driver in the front. 2.The windscreen wipers serve for sweeping rain and dirt off the windscreen. 3.The car has a gear box and five gears. 4.We put the clutch out to disengage the engine and put it in to make it drive. 5.То start the engine we switch on the ignition. 6.Air and petrol go into the engine by means of the carburetor. 7.The exhaust gases from the engine go away through a pipe. 8.The mixture is if nited by an electric spark frorn one of the plugs. 9The clutch is controlled through a hydraulic control gear from а foot pedal.

1.Спереду знаходиться сидіння для водія. 2Склоочисники використо-вуються для очистки вітровогоскла від дощу і забруднення. 3.У автомобілі є коробкашвидкостей і п’ять шестерень. 4.Ми виключаємо зчеплення длязупинки двигуна і включаємо його, щоб знову заставити двигун працювати. 5.Для пуску двигуна ми включаємозапалення. 6.Повітря і бензин надходять додвигуна за допомогоюкарбюратора. 7.Вихлопні гази від двигунаиходять назовні через трубу. 8.Суміш запалюється електричною скрою від однієї із свічок, 9.Управління зчепленнямвідбувається за допомогою гідравлічного приводу відключення від ножної педалі.

Прочитайте тексти, знаходячи в них відповіді на поставлені питання.

What batteries will electric cars soon receive?

What is this battery made of?

1 .It is quite possible that electric cars will very soon receive long- awaited long-lasting sources of electricity. At least this is maintained by archers from the Pennsylvania University in the United States and specialists from the American firms of С and D batteries who have come out with a compact battery made of current-conducting organic polymers. The “plastic battery”, as it is called , can produce ten times as much electricity as¹ previous awkward storage battery.

What are advantages of a mini car?

2.The Japanese firm of Suzuki has produced a miniature car with a body made of strong plastic and doors which open upward. The Japanese mini which has a motocycle engine, can carry one person. It is believed that the mini has a good chance of gaining wide popularity. A car of this size is an invaluable asset³ in the traffic-con’gested streets⁴ of most Western cities where parking a car is a problem. An additional attraction in view of current fuel prices is its ability to go one hundred kilometres on only two litres of petrol. The mini travels at a speed of 50 kph.

Who introduced the first cheap motor car?

3..The first practical internal combustion engine was introduced in the form of a gas engine by the German engineer N. Otto in 1876.

Since then motor transport began to spread in Europe very rapidly. But the person who was the first to make it really popular was Henry Ford, an American manufacturer who introduced the first cheap motor car, the famous Ford Model “F”.