Lesson 7. Blood transfusion

1. Modern transfusiology.

2. The main transfusion environments. Blood components, blood substitutes, blood preparations.

3. Who is called a donor? Some contraindications to become a donor.

4. Instructions for storage and transportation of blood components and preparations.

5. Doctor’s steps in blood transfusion.

6. The indications and contraindications for transfusion.

7. Occult hemolysis tests. ABO and Rh-compatibility tests. Biological test for compatibility.

8. What mistakes should be avoided?

9. The clinical presentations and treatment of post-transfusion reactions and complications.

10. Transfusion case and transfusion protocol.

Lesson 8. Clinic and diagnosis of long bones fractures

1. What is called a fracture? The classification of bones fractures.

2. The mechanism of limb bones fractures.

3. The pathological anatomy of long bone fractures. The approximate volume of blood loss in closed fractures.

4. Stage of fracture healing. The formation of callus.

5. Complications of fractures at the time of injury (traumatic shock, fat embolism, and others.) and in the process of healing (delayed union, false joint, and others.).

6. Traumatic patient examination.

7. List the local symptoms of fracture. The identification based on inspection, palpation and others.

8. X-ray anatomy of unaffected bone. X-ray diagnostics of fractures.

Lesson 9. The treatment of long bones fractures

1. The treatment of long bone fractures:

   1. tasks - steps - principles - methods

2. First aid in case of closed and open fractures. The types of transport tires and technology of their application.

3. Anesthesia of fracture and principles of treatment.

4. Technique for manual reposition and frame reduction.

5. Technique of skin and skeletal traction. Necessary appliance.

6. Indications and contraindications for surgical treatment of fractures

7. What does

8. -closed intramedullary osteosynthesis,

9. -extramedullary osteosynthesis,

10. -extrafocal osteosynthesis

11. mean?

12. What time is necessary to recover after fracture?

13. The treatment of delayed union and false joints.

Lesson 10. Septic wounds

1. The definition and classification of wounds.

2. Primary and secondary healing.

3. The origin of septic wounds. Phases of wound process.

4. The phase of inflammation. Initial surgical d-bridement. Local and general treatment.

5. Regeneration phase. Structure of granulations. Local and general treatment.

6. The phase of epithelization. Local and general treatment.

7. The risks and complications of septic wounds.

8. Active surgical treatment of septic wounds.

9. Primary and secondary suture.

Lesson 11. Aseptic and just infected wound

1. The definition of wounds.

2. The classification according to the degree of infection.

3. Primary healing. Conditions for healing by primary intention.

4. When should you remove the skin suture?

5. Complications after postoperative aseptic wound. The treatment of.

6. Complications during a forming of postoperative scar.

7. The role of primary and secondary infections in the development of wound healing.

8. First aid for wounds. The technique of initial surgical d-bridement.

9. The conditions for using of primary and primary delayed suture.

10. Contraindications to initial surgical d-bridement and primary suture.

11. Initial surgical d-bridementv penetrating into the joint.

12. Infection prophylaxis.