1.2.6 Premedia

The preceding sections of 1.2 have shown how with today’s prepress processes and equipment the entire print job can be created in digital form in a data file. On the basis of this data set, full-page films can be produced or the printing plate produced directly.There are printing systems which can be operated directly with the help of the job file. Print finishing also uses digital information to produce the end product. Printed matter can then be produced using modern technologies which are based on a “digital master” containing all the information on the product and its production. The so-called “electronic media” transmit information to customers using CD-ROM or the Internet, which can be read and viewed using visual display units such as monitors and displays.

The “digital master” for the information, which is

transmitted in printed or electronic form, is more or

less identical. This has resulted in the creation of a premedia stage in the workflow, during which information is recorded, laid out, and made available as a digital data file, and the data is managed and organized.

This “digital master”can now be copied and distributed

in printed or electronic form (print media or electronic

media, see fig. 1.2-43).

The premedia production process,which does not depend on the output media, is also called “Cross Media Publishing” (CMP). A basic requirement for an effective cross-media publishing system is the assurance of consistency and integrity.All data must be available in digital form and be accessible through a data network. Figure 1.2-43 also shows how premedia is linked with prepress, press, and postpress. It also demonstrates that a completely digital workflow depends on the level of digitization of the systems in the production chain. Figure 1.2-43 also demonstrates how the combination of an electronic medium (e.g., CD-ROM) and a print medium (e.g., a book) is a multimedia application that can be produced by one business.

This combination of different data carriers is also

called “Mixed Media Publishing” (MMP). MMP can be used for the optimization of publications by combining the advantages of different data carriers. The value of a publication is not increased by the clever combination of individual types of information (text, tone, animation, etc.), but rather by a combination of different data carriers (e.g., CD-ROM, the Internet, and print).

LECTURE 3

1.3 Printing Technologies

1.3.1 Overview of Printing Technologies

Current printing technologies are based on a wealth of

inventions. The discoveries made in the engineering

sciences, information technology, physics, and chemistry have left their mark on the development of printing technologies. In recent years it is computer and information technology that have had the most lasting impact on the printing industry and printing technologies, and this trend is continuing.

Definition of the Most Important Terms Relating to Printing Technology

• Printing is a reproduction process in which printing

ink is applied to a printing substrate in order to

transmit information (images, graphics, text) in a

repeatable form using an image-carrying medium

(e.g., a printing plate).

• The image carrying medium is the storage element

(i. e., printing plate or bitmap for controlling ink jet

nozzles) that contains all the information needed

to apply the ink for the reproduction of images and/or text by printing.

• The printing plate or image carrier (master) is the

tool (material) by which ink is transferred to the

printing substrate or an intermediate carrier for the reproduction of text, graphics and/or images.

One printing plate usually generates many prints.

• The print image is the information provided by the

entirety of all the print image elements in all operational stages of an image to be produced by printing.

• The print image element is an area that transfers

and/or receives ink (e.g., letter type face, line, screen dot or cells) in any operational stage of the presentation to be reproduced by printing.

• The ink is the colored substance that is applied to

the printing substrate during printing.

• The printing substrate is the material receiving the

print.

• The printing press is the equipment with which the

printing process is performed.

• The printing process serves to disseminate/reproduce

information that is transmitted and processed within this procedural framework.

The printing stage (press) is highlighted as the central

production stage between prepress and postpress/

finishing.

The production of printed products can be described

as an information-processing system, within which the information specification and the information carrier change (i. e., original as slide, film, image, digital data record, impression, plate, print sheet, end product). The type of information carrier employed depends on the printing technology used.

A distinction is made between technologies requiring a master, conventional procedures, and so called non-impact printing (NIP) technologies which do not require a printing plate. Printing technologies requiring a printing plate are technologies like lithography (offset), gravure, letterpress, and screen printing.

The most common NIP technologies are electrophotography and ink jet.

All printing technologies have the task of transferring

information to a substrate (i. e., paper in sheet or web form).

The execution of this task requires the prepress phase for procedure specific preparation of the printing process as well as the finishing phase for fabrication of the end product.