Занятие №1
Сестринский процесс. Исторический взгляд
1.New words: Nursing Process.
Here is a list of wards you are most likely to need or want to know.
1. Nursing-сестринское дело
2. serving the health care needs of society-удовлетворить потребности населения в медицинском обслуживании
3. originate-создавать
4.to keep people healthy and provide comfort, care, and assurance to the ill- поддерживать здоровье людей и обеспечить больному удобство, заботу и уверенность
5.to be distinguished as a form of community service-быть охарактеризованным как форма общественного обслуживания
6.to preserve and protect the family-охранять и защищать семью
7. the goals of nursing-цели сестринского дела
8.to evolve into a modern profession-развиваться в современную профессию
9.to have an interdependent relationship-иметь взаимосвязанную связь
10.to value human life-ценить человеческую жизнь
11. the caretakers of life-лицо, заботящееся о жизни
12.to tend to the hygiene of clients (in the home) -следить за гигиеной клиентов
13. under the direct supervision of a physician-под прямым наблюдением врача
14.to participate in activities to promote health-принимать участие в действиях по поддержанию здоровья
15.to care for people in hospitals, asylums, and poorhouses-заботиться о людях в больницах, приютах,богадельнях
16. an increase in the number of hospitals-увеличение количества больниц
17.to reflect the changing needs of society-отражать изменения в потребности общества
18.charge of somebody’s health-забота о здоровье
Nursing originated with the desire to keep people healthy and provide comfort, care, and assurance to the
ill. This text will give you information about nursing process.
Text: NURSING PROCESS
Historical perspective
Nursing has always been directed at serving the health care needs of society. Nursing originated with the desire to keep people healthy and provide comfort, care, and assurance to the ill. Nursing was distinguished in its early history as a form of community service and was originally related to a strong instinct to preserve and protect the family. Although the goals of nursing have remained relatively the same over the centuries, its practice has been influenced by the changing characteristics of society. Thus nursing has gradually evolved into a modern profession.
Nursing is as old as medicine. Throughout history, nursing and medicine have had an interdependent relationship. During the era of Hippocrates, medicine practiced without nursing, and during the Middle Ages, nursing practiced without rational medicine.
Many ancient societies did not value human life so the caretakers of life were less respected. The nurse tended to the hygiene of clients in the home under the direct supervision of a physician. Nurses did not participate in activities to promote health nor did they teach families how to care for the ill.
Under the influence of Christianity, nurses gained respect, and the practice of nursing expended. Although nursing became increasingly humanistic, there was still no formal education or training for nurses.
The Sisters of Charity (1633) was founded by St. Vincent de Paul. The sisters cared for people in hospitals, asylums, and poorhouses. The sisters also became widely known as visiting nurses because they cared for sick people in their homes. The first supervisor of the Sisters of Charity was Louise de Gras who established perhaps the first educational program to be associated with a nursing order. The program included experience in the hospital, home visits, and the care of the ill.
In the eighteenth century, the growth of cities brought an increase in the number of hospitals and a greater role for nurses.
In 1860 Florence Nightingale wrote Notes on Nursing: What It Is and What It Is Not for the layperson. Her philosophy of nursing practice reflected the changing needs of society. She saw the role of nursing as having “charge of somebody’s health” based on the knowledge of “how to put the body in such a state to be free of disease or to recovery from disease”.
During the same year she developed the first organized program of training for nurses, the Nightingale Training School for Nurses at St. Thomas Hospital in London.
Exercises.
1.Let’s find out who is the most quick-witted student in you group. She/He is the one who answers the folloing questions most quickly and correctly (you may use the text when preparing your answers)
a) Which is the most frequently used word in the text Nursing process. Historical perspective. (“nursing”)
b) How often is this word used? (15)
c) Chose the ten most important wards and expressions for the discussion of this problem from those given below.
Nursing, the goals of nursing ,throughout history, to keep people healthy and provide comfort, care, and assurance to the ill, to preserve and protect the family, ancient societies, to evolve into a modern profession, to have an interdependent relationship, under the influence of Christianity, to gain respect, The Sisters of Charity ,to see the role of nursing as having “charge of somebody’s health”.
2.Your friend missed some lectures during the first term. You must write a test at your last nursing affair lesson. Help him to get ready. The following questions may be helpful to you:
1) How was distinguished Nursing in its early history?
2) What has been influenced nursing practice by?
3) Did many ancient societies value human life?
4) When did nurses gain respect?
5) What can you say about The Sisters of Charity?
6) What was the role of nursing according to Florence Nightingale’s philosophy?
2.Try yourselves as journalists.
1.Write short reports(12-14sentences) to a newspaper on history of nursing process.
2.You Russian friend’s father is an interpreter.He is working at the international Conference
on Nursing Process . He asks you to help him interpret the following Russian speaker’s report
into English.
Сестры милосердия появились в 1633г. Они заботились о людях в больницах, приютах,
богадельнях. Сестры были также широко известны как «приходящие сестры», т. к
ухаживали за больными людьми дома. Первым смотрителем сестер милосердия была Луиза
де Грас, которая утвердила возможно первую профессиональную программу,
ассоциирующуюся с организацией сестринского дела. Программа включала работу в
больницах, посещение домов, уход за больными людьми.
Занятие №2
Теории сестринского дела
Тема: NURSING THEORIES.