АКАДЕМІЯ МУНІЦИПАЛЬНОГО УПРАВЛІННЯ

Кафедра іноземних мов

МЕТОДИЧНІ ВКАЗІВКИ ТА УЧБОВІ ЗАВДАННЯ З АНГЛІЙСЬКОЇ МОВИ

Для студентів денної форми навчання

(І курс, 1 семестр)

Спеціальності:

“Правознавство”, “Фінанси і кредит”,“Економіка підприємства”, “Облік та Аудіт”, “Менеджмент ”, “Психологія ”,

“Діловодство і документознавство ”

“Автоматизація та комп’ютерно-інтегровані технології ”

КИЇВ – 2015

Умови визначення навчального рейтингу з курсу

Англійська мова

І курс, 1 семестр

Загальний рейтинг в семестрі становить 100 балів.

Робота в семестрі:

№ мод.	К-сть годин		Робота в семестрі	Мод. письм. робота	Заг-на кільк. балів
Мод. І	18 Практ.:16 Тест: 2	The Academy of Municipal Administration Student’s Working Day Civil officials Grammar: Конструкції з to be, to have (to have got); There is/are; It is…; Pronouns: personal, demonstrative, possessive; Noun: Singular & Plural; Possessive Case; Numerals; Present Simple Tense; Present Continuous Tense.	Макс. 45 балів	Макс. 5 балів	Макс. * 50 балів
Мод. ІI	18 Практ.:16 Тест: 2	Professions and Professional Duties Business Person’s Professional Qualities Travelling Grammar: The Future Simple Tense; to be going to; Prepositions of Place; Degrees of comparison of adjectives; Articles with geographical names and nationalities.	Макс. 45 балів	Макс. 5 балів	Макс*. 50 балів

* Максимальна кількість балів за кожний модуль - 50:

• розмовні теми: 3 теми х 9 балів = 27 бал

• самостійні роботи: 3 роботи х 3 бала = 9 балів

• індивідуальна робота – 9 балів

• модульна контрольна робота – 5 балів

Module I

Topics: The Academy of Municipal Administration

Student’s working day

Civil officials

Grammar: Конструкції з to be, to have (to have got); There is/are; It is…;

Pronouns: personal, demonstrative, possessive; Noun: Singular &

Plural; Possessive Case; Numerals; Present Simple Tense; Present

Continuous Tense.

Unit I

Ex. 1. Read the text and answer the following questions.

1. What educational establishment are you studying at?

2. How many years ago was the Academy founded?

3. What does the structure of the Academy include?

4. Does the Academy provide Bachelor and Master degrees to the students?

5. What positions can the Academy graduates take?

The Academy of Municipal Administration

The Academy of Municipal Administration is a state educational establishment. It is well-known in Kyiv and all over Ukraine. The Academy was founded* in 1995 and has got different diplomas and awards. The Academy has highly qualified teaching staff. There are many Doctors of Science, Candidates of Science working at the numerous departments* at the Academy. The scientists of the Academy cooperate with international educational and scientific organizations.

The structure of the Academy includes:

• Educational and Research Institute of Regional Development, Local Self-Administration and Management providing degrees in Management, Management of Organizations and Administration, Management of Foreign Economic Activity, Business Administration, Administrative Management, Public Service, Psychology, Sociology;

The Faculty of Economics and Law providing degrees in Law, Finance and Credit, Accounting and Audit, Economics of Enterprise.

• Administration of Municipal Service Faculty providing degrees in Automated Management of Technological Processes, Automatic Maсhinery and Automation in Transport Indusry, Automation and Automatization in Transport, Automation and Computer-Integrated Technologies, Documentation Science and Information Services;

• Pre-entry training Faculty.

Students can study full-time or part-time at all faculties, except Pre-entry training Faculty.

Post-graduate education is also available at the Academy.

The students have got not only lectures and workshops but also* internship at local authorities and state administration bodies, pedagogical and pre-graduate internships. The studies at the Academy combine the professional training of a manager, an economist, a lawyer and an engineer with all other necessary skills required for a civil official.

There is a library with up-to-date educational, scientific, professional and reference books, and a local network with access to the Internet. The students have a possibility to master one or a few foreign languages, modern PC technologies, national and world experience in market economy as well as municipal administration practices.

There is an Academy’s Art Centre where the students can sing, dance, play musical instruments and take part in different concerts, and sport clubs which provide facilities for physical training.

Students of the Academy are to be initiative, creative and well oriented in modern technologies, economics, management, law and order. Such qualities make the graduates of our Academy competitive among Ukrainian employees.

Notes:

*was founded - була заснована

*numerous departments – багаточисельні кафедри

*not only… but also - не тільки... але також

* are to - повинні

Ex. 2. Match the English words and word combinations from set A with their equivalents from set B.

SET A	SET B
educational establishment	висококваліфікований
post-graduate education	довідкова література
necessary skills	національний та світовий досвід
to be founded	місцева влада
Doctor of Science	конкурентноспроможний
highly qualified	наукові організації
scientific organizations	дипломи і нагороди
local authorities	бути заснованим
state administrational bodies	державні органи управління
up-to-date	сучасний
access to the Internet.	післядипломна освіта
faculty	доктор наук
reference books	надавати можливості
market economy	факультет
competitive	ринкова економіка
to be well-known	викладацький склад
diplomas and awards	велика кількість кафедр
teaching staff	науковці
numerous departments	бути доступними, в наявності
scientists	необхідні навички
to provide degree in	навчатися на заочному (відділенні)
to be available	навчальний заклад
study full-time	забезпечити ступень по
study part-time	переддипломна практика
lectures and workshops	місцева мережа
professional training	навчатися на стаціонарі
pre-graduate internship	лекції та семінари
local network	необхідний для
possibility to master	добре орієнтуватися
national and world experience	ініціативний та творчий
to take part	бути добре відомим
to provide facilities	випускник
initiative and creative	доступ до Інтернету
to be well oriented in	професійна підготовка
employee	можливість вдосконалювати
required for	державний службовець
civil official	брати участь
graduate	працівник, службовець

Ex. 3. Find answers to the following questions.

1. What kind of educational establishment are you studying at?

2. When was the Academy founded?

3. What kind of teaching staff works in the Academy?

4. What faculties are available in the Academy?

5. What degrees do these faculties provide?

6. What kinds of books are there in the Academy’s library?

7. What possibilities do the students of the Academy have?

8. What do the students do at the Academy’s Art Center?

9. What facilities does the Academy provide for the students?

10. What qualities are necessary to be competitive among Ukrainian employees?

Ex. 4. Put the words into the right order to make sentences. Ask questions to these sentences.

1. many, There, in, are, the, Academy, faculties.(Alternative question)

2. up-to-date, There, reference, a library, educational, scientific, with, professional, and, books, is.(Special question)

3. There, is, a, local network, to access study-related materials on the Internet. (Disjunctive question)

4. is, Academy’s, Centre, dance, where, an, There, the students, can, Art, sing, musical, play, instruments.(General question)

5. There, clubs, are, sport, provide, which, facilities, physical,for, training.(Special question)

Ex. 5. Complete the sentences using the word-combinations from the exercise 2 and put them in the right order.

It (була заснована) in 1995 and has got different (дипломи та нагороди).

There is an Academy’s Art Centre where the students can sing, dance, play musical instruments and (беруть участь) in different concerts.

The structure of the Academy (включає): Educational and Research Institute of Regional Development, Local Self-Administration and Management, Faculty of Economics and Law, Administration of Municipal Service Faculty, Pre-admission training Faculty.

My academy is famous in Kyiv and all over Ukraine.

Students can study (на стаціонарному чи заочному відділенні) at all faculties, except pre-entry training one.

Our Academy also has sport clubs, and other facilities.

Students of the Academy are initiative, creative and (конкурентноспроможні) among Ukrainian (службовців).

Students have got not only (лекції та семінари) but also different kinds of (практики).

The Academy has highly qualified (викладацький склад).

There is a library with (сучасними) books, and the (місцева мережа) with (доступ до бездротового інтернету).

Students can (вдосконалювати) one or a few foreign languages, modern PC technologies.

Our (науковці) cooperate with international educational and (науковими організаціями).

Students get the professional training of a manager, an economist, a lawyer and an engineer and other (необхідні навички).

Ex.6 Translate the following sentences into English:

1. Академія має висококваліфікований викладацкий склад, який включає професорів, докторів та кандідатів наук.

2. В Академії діє 3 факультета, Навчально-науковий інститут регіонального розвитку, місцевого самоврядування та менеджменту, Київський коледж міського господарства.

3. Академія муніципального управління співпрацює з вищими навчальними закладами Европи та світу.

4. Випусник має змогу отримати не тільки диплом академії муніципального управління, а також диплом мігістра іншого Європейського навчального закладу – партнера академії.

5. Студенти, які працюють, навчаються заочно.

Ex.7. Speak on the topics:

1. The general information about Academy.

2. The structure of the Academy.

3. The possibilities the Academy provides for education and recreation of our students.

Grammar

Ex.1 Put in the verb to be:

1. The Academy of Municipal Administration … well-known in Kiev and all over Ukraine.

2. The Academy … high educational establishment of the 4-th level.

3. There … 3 buildings in our Academy.

4. There … a library in each building.

5. The teaching staff of the Academy …highly qualified.

6. My friend and I … first – year students.

7. There … an Academy’s Art Center on the 4-th floor of the main building.

8. My group-mates … initiative and creative.

9. I … keen on sports, especially volley-ball.

10. The students … always very busy at the Academy.

Ex.2 Put in: am, am not; is, isn’t; are, aren’t.

1. They … ill, they are at work now.

2. He … responsible for this. It isn’t his job.

3. She …good at making presentations. She is the best.

4. We … fond of playing the guitar. It’s our hobby.

5. I … interested in that project. It’s too boring.

Ex.3.Make up sentences and translate them. Ask questions to these sentences, using different types of questions.

I He She We They

am (not) is (not) are (not)

so very rather quite still too

busy late ill happy glad tired

now today at the moment this week these days

Types of questions:

I. General questions (Загальні запитання)

Is he very busy today?

II. Alternative questions (Альтернативні запитання)

Is he very busy today or not?

III. Special questions (Спеціальні запитання)

Why is he very busy today?

IV. Subject questions (Питання до підмета)

Who is very busy today?

V. Disjunctive questions (Розділові запитання)

He is very busy today, isn’t he?

He isn’t very busy today, is he?

Ex.4.Study the following word combinations of the verb to be + adjective and make up affirmative negative and interrogative sentences:

to be glad – радіти

to be late – запізнюватись

to be ill – бути хворим

to be sick – погано себе почувати

to be tired – бути втомленим

to be hungry – бути голодним

to be thirsty – хотіти пити

to be angry (with) – бути сердитим (на)

to be good (at) – добре розбиратися в чомусь

to be bad (at) – погано розбиратись у чомусь

to be busy (with) – бути зайнятим (чимось)

to be interested (in) – цікавитись (чимось)

to be afraid (of) – боятися (чогось)

to be happy (with) – бути задоволеним (чимось)

to be fond (of) – захоплюватись, цікавитись (чимось)

to be keen (on) – захоплюватись (чимось)

to be responsible (for) – відповідати за щось

to be in charge (of) – відповідати за щось

Ex.5. Put in prepositions:

1. She isn’t afraid … spiders.

2. They are interested … ancient history.

3. We aren’t responsible … this report.

4. He isn’t very good … languages.

5. We are rather busy … the clients now.

6. You are fond … football, aren’t you?

7. What are you … charge …?

8. Why is she so angry … us?

9. He is keen … listening rock music, isn’t he?

10. I’m very bad … remembering names.

Ex.6. Translate the sentences, using constructions to be + adjective

1. Вони так раді нас бачити!

2. Він не серйозно захворів. Він погано себе почуває.

3. Вона не сердиться, вона втомилась.

4. Ми не голодні, але хочемо пити.

5. Я дуже зайнятий сьогодні.

6. Він задоволений своєю новою машиною.

7. Вона цікавиться мистецтвом.

8. Я не боюсь собак.

9. Вони відповідають за цей проект.

10. Ми захоплюємось футболом.

11. Чому вона спізнюється?

12. Хто відповідає за цю презентацію?

13. Чим ти захоплюєшся?

14. Ви зайняті зараз чи ні?

15. Він добре розбирається в комп’ютерах?

Ex.7. Make up affirmative/ negative and/ interrogative sentences:

There is/are

Affirmative and negative sentences

There is There isn’t		a(n) (no)		Art center		in the Academy in the basement on the first floor near the dormitory
				library
				football club
				canteen
				sport ground
				qualified teaching staff
				swimming pool
				local computer network
				access to the wireless Internet
There are There aren’t		no some any four many different a lot of numerous		faculties		in the Academy near the dormitory in the library
				sport clubs
				up-to-date books
				buildings
				sport grounds
				reference books
				departments

There is/are

Interrogative sentences

Is Are		there	a(n) many four numerous any	faculties	in the Academy? in the library? on the first floor? in this building? near the dormitory?
				Candidates of Science
				canteen
				buildings
				Art center
				departments
				up-to-date books
				access to the Internet

Ex. 8. Study the following word combinations:

1. to have breakfast (lunch, dinner) снідати, (обідати, вечеряти)

2. to have a meal (drink, snack) поїсти, (випити, перекусити)

3. to have a glass of wine випити келих вина

4. to have a (coffee) break зробити перерву (на каву)

5. to have a bath (a shower)* приймати ванну (душ)

6. to have a look* глянути

7. to have a rest відпочивати

8. to have a good time веселитись

9. to have a lot to do мати багато роботи

10. to have a lot of time мати багато часу

11. to have a chat with smb. базікати з кимось

12. to have a talk говорити

13. to have a word with smb. поговорити

*to have a bath (a shower) приймати ванну (душ), митися

= to take a bath (a shower)

*to have a look = to take a look глянути, кинути оком

Ex.9 Put in: have/ has.

1. The Academy … got many diplomas and rewards.

2. The students often … got 4 periods a day.

3. The Academy … got highly qualified teaching staff.

4. I … got a lot of lectures and workshops every week.

5. The 4^th year students … got pre-graduate internship.

Ex.10. Put in: have/ have got; has/ has got.

1. As a rule civil officials … a lot to do every day.

2. I … my own point of view.

3. They … many friends at all faculties.

4. We usually …lunch at the Academy’s canteen.

5. Businessmen usually … coffee break during their meetings.

Unit II

Ex. 1. Read the text and answer the following questions.

1. How many days a week do you study?

2. Are you Kyivite or not?

3. What is your place of study?

4. How long does it take you to get there?

5. You always have your lunch in the Academy’s canteen, don’t you?

6. How many periods a day do you have?

7. What subjects do the students of your faculty study?

8. Where do you read for classes?

9. What do you do in the evening?

10. What time do you usually go to bed?

Student’s Working Day

I’m a 1^st-year student at the Academy of Municipal Administration. I study at the Educational and Research Institute of Regional Development, Local Self-Administration and Management and my major is Management of Organization. I’m a very busy person and that’s why it’s rather important for me to have a well-planned daily program.

I am not a Kyivite, it means Kyiv is not my native city. So, I live in the dormitory and share a room with 2 groupmates.

I usually wake up at about 7 o’clock and then it’s time for me to get up. After that I take a shower, have my breakfast and go to the Academy. It takes me about one hour to get there* At half past eight my working day begins. As a rule, we have four periods - lectures or workshops - a day. We have classes every day except Saturday and Sunday. These days are our days-off.

We study many subjects this term, such as Basics of Business, Ukrainian language, Rhetoric, Psychology, History of Ukraine, Basics of Economic Theory, The Organisation of Local Self-Management and others.

It’s a pity, but I have some difficulties with Business Ukrainian and my best friends, Nick and Alex, help me to master it and to get rid of all my mistakes.

Nick, a friend of mine, studies at the Faculty of Law and he majors in Jurisdiction. His main subjects are: Theory of a State and Law, Political History of Ukraine, Latin language, Foreign languages, Philosophy, Logic, Ethics, Computer Science and Technologies, Local State Administration and others.

My other friend, Alex, is from the Faculty of Economics and his major is Finance. His main subjects are: Advanced Mathematics, Political Economy, Business Ukrainian, Foreign Language, History of Ukrainian Culture, Regional Economy, History of Economy and others.

After classes my friends and I usually go to the library to read for classes or to computer classes to develop our skills.

I have my lunch in the Academy’s canteen or I take some sandwiches with me.

On Tuesdays and Fridays we go in for sports. We play tennis, basketball and swim in the pool in our sport club. Sometimes if we have free time, we go around the city or visit cinemas and museums. My friends and I like to discuss different cultural, political and economic events in Ukraine and abroad and each of us gives own point of view. We’re rather busy at the Academy and we often come home late.

It takes me about one hour to get there* - дістатися туди займає у мене одну годину

Ex. 2. Match the English words and word combinations from set A with their equivalents from set B.

Set A	Set B
to have some difficulties with	спеціалізуватися на
to develop skills	мати деякі труднощі з
it’s rather important for me	крім
to read for classes	приймати душ
to take a shower	висловлювати власну точку зору
four periods a day	позбутись чогось
to do well	готуватись до занять
to major in	добре спланований розпорядок дня
lectures or workshops	шкода
subjects	чотири пари на день
abroad	їдальня
to get rid of	лекції чи семінари
it’s a pity	предмети
to give own point of view	це досить важливо для мене
well-planned daily program	розвивати навички
major	добре вчитися
dormitory	користуватися (тут: жити) спільно, ділитися
to share with	як правило
events	гуртожиток
to wake up	спеціальність
classes	події
different	заняття
to get up	одногрупники
as a rule	вставати
groupmates	закордоном
days-off	бути досить зайнятим
canteen	подорожувати містом
to go around the city	прокидатися
to be rather busy	вихідні
except	різні

Ex. 3. Find the answers to the following questions in the text.

1. What educational establishment do you study at?

2. What’s your major?

3. Why is it very important for you to have a well planned daily program?

4. What do you usually do in the morning?

5. What are your days-off?

6. What subjects are you studying this term?

7. Which is the most difficult subject for you?

8. You go to the library after classes, don’t you?

9. How do you and your friends usually spend your free time?

10. Do you often come home late?

Ex. 4. Put the words into the right order to make sentences. Ask questions to the underlined words.

1. in the morning, usually, at, get, up, about, 7 o’clock, I.

2. four, have, We, - lectures, or workshops, - periods, a day.

3. this, term, many subjects, We ,study.

4. to discuss, My friends, different, events, cultural, like, political and economic.

5. the, library, and, I ,often, go, to, to, read, My, for, friends, classes.

Ex. 5. Complete the sentences using the word-combinations from the exercise 2 and put them into the right order.

I’m a very busy person and that’s why I have a (добре спланований розпорядок дня).

At half past eight the day’s work begins.

I study at the Educational and Research Institute of Regional Development, Local Self-Administration and Management and my (спеціальність) is Management of Organization.

I usually get up at about 7 o’clock, take a shower, have my breakfast and go to the Academy.

We (є досить зайнятими) at the Academy and we often come home late.

I’m a 1st-year student at the Academy of Municipal Administration.

We have (заняття) every day (крім) Saturday and Sunday.

We play tennis, basketball and swim in the pool in our sport club.

We study many subjects this term: Computer Science and Technologies, Business Ukrainian, foreign languages and others.

Sometimes we (подорожуємо містом) or visit cinemas and museums. I (маю деякі труднощі з) Business Ukrainian but I study hard (позбутися) my mistakes.

After classes my friends and I often go to the library to read for classes or to computer classes (розвивати свої навички).

I usually have my lunch in the Academy’s (їдальня).

On Tuesdays and Fridays we go in for sports.

We have four periods a day – (лекціі або практичні).

My friends and I like to discuss (різні) cultural, political and economic (події) in Ukraine and abroad and each of us (висловлює власну точку зору).

Ex. 6. Use the table to make sentences about your or somebody’s working day.

S

am is are

a first a second a third a fourth

year student

at the Academy of Municipal Administration at the Kyiv National Shevchenko University at the National Polytechnic University

S

study (ies) at

-Faculty of Economics -Law Faculty - Educational and Research Institute of Regional Development, Local Self-Administration and Management -Administration of Municipal Service Faculty

and

S

major(s) in

-Finance; -Accounting and Audit; -Jurisdiction; -Management of Organizations; -Automatic Equipment; -Control Systems in Transport.

S

usually often always

wake(s) up get(s) up

at 7 o’clock at half past 6 very early

After that Then

S

take(s) a shower a bath have(has) my breakfast his (her)

and go(es) to leave(s) home for

the Academy work school the office

It takes

me her him

an hour half an hour an hour and a half twenty minutes

to get there, and

at 8 at half past 8

my his her

working day begins starts

S

have (has)

four periods lectures and workshops classes

a day every day

as a rule except Saturday and Sunday

S

am is are

fond of good at keen on interested in

Political Economy English Economic History

but

S

have (has)

some difficulties with Advanced Mathematics

After classes

S

go(es)

to the library to computer classes home to the sport club for a walk with friends

to read for classes to develop skills to relax to play sport games

Ex.7 Translate the following sentences into English:

1. Моя подруга Тетяна – студентка-першокурсниця у Державного

Національного університету.

2. Цього тижня вона вивчає Ділову українську та психологію.

3. Його товариші захоплюються кіберспортом.

4. Я часто приходжу додому піздно.

5. Щоб дістатися до академії , ми витрачаємо приблизно годину .

Ex.8 Speak on the topics:

• My life at the Academy

• My friends and their interests

Unit III

Ex. 1. Read the text and answer the following questions.

1. Where can a civil official work?

2. What positions can they take up?

3. What personal qualities are necessary for civil officials?

4. Should a civil official be well-oriented in economics and politics?

5. Is it important for civil officials to know foreign languages?

Civil officials

Civil officials work in the public sector for government agencies, institutions and organizations and occupy different positions. They can work as managers, economists, accountants, lawyers, engineers etc.

A lawyer is a very interesting and challenging job. Lawyers consult clients on legal issues and discuss different problems. They prepare documents to state registration and present the clients’ interests in the court if necessary.

A manager is a very popular job nowadays. There are different kinds of managers: sales managers, staff managers, project managers and many others. They solve different problems and make difficult decisions every day.

An economist deals with financial documentation and makes financial reports regularly.

An engineer deals with technical issues and documentation.

Civil officials are busy 5 days a week, 8 hours a day, it means they work 40 hours per week. If they have much urgent work to do they work overtime.

Civil officials have got their job description and they know their rights and duties. According to their responsibilities they make reports, regularly report to the departmental head and attend meetings. They check lots of e-mails and reply them every day. They also speak on the phone a lot. They often make appointments and meet customers. In fact, they usually stay in the office doing a lot of paper work but sometimes they go on business trips.

Civil officials must be punctual, well-organized, hardworking and responsible.

The knowledge of PC technologies and foreign languages helps them to be efficient and competitive.

Ex. 2. Match the English words and world-combinations from set A with

their Ukrainian equivalents from set B:

SET A	SET B
according to	менеджери з персоналу
to attend meetings	нагальний, терміновий
to be very often out	обсяг робіт
to work overtime	дуже часто бути відсутнім
challenging job	відвідувати збори (засідання)
to check e-mails	це означає
to consult smb on	працьовитий
to deal with	їздити у відрядження
departmental head	насправді
doing a lot of paper work	якщо необхідно
efficient	менеджери з продажу
to solve problems	права та обов’язки
to go on business trips	знання технологій
government agencies	призначати зустрічі
hardworking	урядові організації
if necessary	зустрічати клієнтів
In fact	відповідати (на листи)
institutions	приймати рішення
it means	вирішувати проблеми
job description	згідно з
knowledge of technologies	державний сектор
sales managers	на тиждень
to make appointments	технічна документація
to make decisions	обов’язки
to make reports	працювати понаднормово
to meet customers	працювати на різних посадах
to speak on the phone	перевіряти електронну пошту
rights and duties	перспективна робота
per week	доповідати (звітувати) комусь
project managers	умілий, кваліфікований
public sector	мати справу з
punctual	голова відомства
responsibilities	робити звіти
to reply	виконуючи багато документаційної роботи
to report to	установи
to work on (different) positions	керівники проекту
well-organised	пунктуальний
urgent	готувати документи
technical documentation	державна реєстрація
state registration	говорити по телефону
staff managers	добре організований

Ex. 3. Find answers to the following questions.

1. Where do civil officials usually work?

2. What professions of civil officials did you get to know from the text?

3. What are the main lawyer’s activities?

4. A manager is a very popular job nowadays, isn’t it?

5. What kinds of managers do you know?

6. What does an economist deal with?

7. Are civil officials busy 5 or 6 days a week?

8. What are main responsibilities of civil officials?

9. What kind of person must a civil official be?

10. Is the knowledge of foreign languages important for a civil official?

Ex. 4. Put the words into the right order to make sentences. Ask questions to these sentences.

1. manager, a popular, very, A job, nowadays, is. (Alternative question)

2. An, deals, technical, engineer, issues, and, with, documentation. (Special question)

3. solve, different, They, problems, every, and, difficult, make, decisions, day. (Disjunctive question)

4. often, and, make, They, appointments, customers, meet. (General question)

5. check, lots, They, of, day, e-mails, and, them, reply, every. (Special question)

Ex. 5. Complete the sentences using the word-combinations from the exercise 2 and put them into the right order.

A manager is a very popular job nowadays. There are different kinds of managers: (менеджери з продажу, менеджери з персоналу, керівники проекту) and many others.

The knowledge of PC technologies and foreign languages helps them to be (вправними) and competitive.

Civil officials have got their (обсяг робіт) and they know their (права і обов’язки). According to their responsibilities they (роблять звіти), regulary report to the departmental head and (відвідують збори персоналу). They (перевіряють електрону пошту) and reply them every day. They also (говорять по телефону) a lot.

Civil officials work in the (державному секторі) for (урядових організаціях, установах) and organizations on (different) positions. They can work as managers, economists, accountants, lawyers, engineers etc.

Civil officials must be punctual, well-organised, (працьовитими) and (відповідальними).

Civil officials are busy 5 days a week, 8 hours a day, it means they work 40 hours (на тиждень).

An economist (має справу з) financial documentation and make financial reports regulary.

A lawyer is a very interesting and (перспективна робота). Lawyers (консультують клієнтів з юридичних питань) and discuss different problems.

Ex.7 Translate the following sentences into English:

1. Держслужбовці працюють юристами, інженерами або бухгалтерами.

2. Вони мусять бути організованими, відповідальними і працьовитими.

3. Професія керівника дуже поширена наразі.

4. Правник надає поради з юридичних питань.

5. Економіст регулярно складає фінансові звіти.

Ex.8 Speak on the topics:

• Civil officials in the modern society

• Charecteristics of different actual professions

Module II

Topics: Professions and Professional Duties

Business Person’s Professional Qualities

Travelling

Grammar: The Future Simple Tense; to be going to; Prepositions of Place;

Degrees of comparison of adjectives; Articles with geographical names and nationalities.

Unit I

Professions and Professional Duties

Eastern Europe Research Center

The Eastern Europe Research Center is in Kyiv. The Center conducts research and publishes a journal on economic problems in Eastern Europe. The Director is an economist, the Deputy Director is a political scientist.

11 other employees work for the Center: a secretary, 3 typists, an accountant, a lawyer, 3 clerks and an editor. And of course, a charwoman.

The accountant works part-time. She is busy with all the financial issues of the Center. The 3 clerks in the Research Unit are in fact researchers. One of them is a senior researcher who manages the work of the Research Unit. They collect data on different economic issues and file or log them into the computer. Then they analyze the data and write articles for the journal.

The editor of the journal is the head of the Publishing Unit. He distributes assignments and supervises over the work of the 3 typists and prepares weekly reports for the Director. He is responsible for the issue of the journal that is published monthly, that is, the journal is a monthly edition.

The Director’s secretary sometimes helps the Deputy Director but does not work for the Research Unit – she is very busy. She answers telephone calls, arranges meetings, makes appointments and so on.

The lawyer is rather experienced in his profession. He prepares legal papers for state registration, makes reports on audits and contracts, defends the rights of the Center in court and Arbitration Committees*, if necessary, he consults the Director and accountant on legal issues, as well as all the other employees.

The Center is a NGO* (Non-Government Organization) and it maintains relations with other NGOs in Ukraine and abroad, as well as with government agencies. It is a small organization and there is no Personnel Department or a Personnel Manager.

*Notes:

Arbitration Committee		арбітраж
NGO		не урядова організація

Ex. 1. Find in the text international words and read them out loud.

Ex. 2. Complete the questions and answer them:

1. What (is/do/are) the Center busy with?

2. What (is/are/do) the Director and Deputy Director by profession?

3. How many people (do work/work/works) for the Center and what is their position in the Center?

4. What (does/are /do) the researchers deal with?

5. What (are/does/do) the editor do?

6. What (are/is/do) the duties of the Director’s secretary?

7. (Is/are/am) the lawyer experienced in his profession? Why do you think so?

8. (are/do/is) the Center a government agency?

9. What other organizations (do/are/does) the Center maintain relations with?

10. How many employees (does work/do work/work) for their personnel department?

Ex. 3 Match the English words and world-combinations from set A with

their Ukrainian equivalents from set B:

SET A	SET B
analyze the data	відділ кадрів
work part-time	бути відповідальним за...
conduct research	організовувати зустрічі
prepare legal papers	захищати права
maintain relations with	вносити дані в комп’ютер
supervise over the work	призначати зустрічі
collect data	розподіляти завдання
distribute assignments	збирати дані
be responsible for	бути досвідченим у...
arrange meetings	працювати неповний робочий день
defend the rights	готувати юридичні документи
make appointments	керувати роботою
be experienced in	проводити дослідження
file or log the data into the computer	видання журналу
issue of the journal	підтримувати зв’язки з...
Personnel Department	мати справу з...
deal with	аналізувати дані

Ex. 4. Contradict the statements below according to the models. Work in pairs.

Use: for A: As far as I know, as far as I remember, I am sure.

for B: Northing of the kind, but, the text says.

Model : A. Eastern Europe Research Center is in Lviv, as far as I know.

B. But (The text says) it is not in Lviv, it is in Kyiv.

1. There are 20 employees in the Center, … . 2. They haven’t got a charwoman, … 3. They have got 5 researchers in the Research Unit. 4. Director of the Center is a political scientist, …. 5. Their lawyer does not deal with legal papers, he only consults the employees, … 6. Their accountant works 5 days a week, 8 hours a day, … . 7. Deputy Director supervises over the work of the typists, … 8. The Center does not maintain relations with other organizations, … . 9. The secretary only makes tea for Director, nothing else (більш нічого), … .

Ex. 5. Speak on:

1. The work of the Center and the number of people who work for the Center.

2. The duties of the accountant and the researchers.

3. The responsibilities of the editor.

4. The duties of the secretary.

5. The work of the lawyer.

Ex. 6. Match the English words and world-combinations from set A with

their Ukrainian equivalents from set B:

SET A

a) fix the targets; b) meet the customers; c) twice a week; d) discuss figures; e) be below targets; f) travel abroad; g) sales figures; h) spend a lot of time on the telephone; i) have to check; j) once a year.

SET B

1) зустрічати клієнтів; 2) проводити багато часу на телефоні; 3) встановлювати цілі; 4) повинні перевіряти; 5) два рази на тиждень; 6) подорожувати закордон; 7) цифри продажу; 8) раз у рік; 9) бути нижче запланованої мети; 10) обговорювати цифри.

Ex. 7. Match the job to the responsibilities, then make complete sentences.

Use phrases: In my opinion, As far as I know, I am sure that, As far as I remember, As a matter of fact, It seems to me, I consider etc.

secretary	prepares legal papers
lawyer	arranges meetings and makes appointments for the director
editor	defends the rights of the company in court
accountant	is busy with financial issues of the company
researcher	discusses the sales figures with the financial manager
general manager	fixes the targets for the next year
sales manager	deals with the customers
finance manager	consults the director and employees on legal issues
charwoman	does the cleaning of the office
	is responsible for the issue of the journal
	writes articles for the journal
	distributes assignments
	supervises over the work of subordinates

Ex. 8. Fill in the blanks with a preposition if necessary:

1. At the annual general meetings we fix the targets _____ the next year. 2. I usually deal _____ important customers myself. 3. The secretary spends a lot of time _____ the telephone. 4. How often does the economist report _____ the Director? 5. What is she busy _____? – She is preparing a report _____ the general manager. 6. Do you file the data _____ the computer? – Yes, I do. 7. Who is responsible _____ the issue of the journal? – Our editor is. 8. Our lawyer is rather experienced _____ his profession. – Does he consult _____ the employees _____ legal issues? 9. Our company maintains good relations _____ companies abroad.

Grammar Exercises

Ex. 1. Make the following interrogative and negative:

1. They will be in Paris the day after tomorrow. 2. She will cook breakfast for us. 3. We shall start at dawn. 4. The boy will be seven next year. 5. The plane will take off in five minutes. 6. I shall see you on Monday. 7. They’ll tell us about it.

Ex. 2. Complete the sentences with will or won’t.

1. Can you wait for me? I won’t be very long. 2. There is no need to take an umbrella with you. It _____ rain. 3. If you don’t eat anything now, you _____ be hungry later. 4. I am sorry about what happened yesterday. It ____ happen again. 5. I have got some incredible news! You ____ never believe it. 6. Don’t ask Margaret for advice. She ____ know what to do.

Ex. 3. Put questions to the italicized words.

1. Our friends will come to see us tomorrow. 2. They will arrive in some minutes. 3. His parents will be at home after six. 4. Jack won’t go to the cinema because he is busy. 5. We’ll play chess this evening. 6. We’ll get up at seven tomorrow.

Ex. 4. Fill in the correct future or present forms.

1. If you ____ (come) tomorrow, you ____ (see) them here.

2. Carol ____ (buy) that dress, if she ____ (have) enough money.

3. When I ____ (arrive) in New York, I ____ (call) you.

4. If his sister ____ (pass) last exam excellent, she ____ (become) a student.

5. He ____ (not recognize) his flat, when he ____ (come back).

Ex. 5. Combine the given sentences as in the model:

Model: He will get tickets. We shall go to the theatre. – If he gets tickets, we shall go to the theatre.

1. The weather will be fine. The children will go on a trip. 2. The wind will blow from the west. It will rain. 3. You won’t wake me up. I’ll miss the train. 4. We’ll take a taxi. We’ll catch the train. 5. The lawyer will be in the office. He will consult you. 6. I will work overtime. I’ll get extra pay.

Ex. 6. The people in the sentences below are all thinking about their summer holidays. Complete the sentences about what they plan to do using to be going to . Use these verbs.

travel learn read stay walk

play see cycle swim lie

1. I am going to stay in bed all day.

2. We …………. the Atlantic Ocean.

3. I ……………… lots of books.

4. I ……………….. in the sun.

5. We …………….. round the world.

6. I ……………….. to Brighton on my new bike.

7. I ……………….. lots of sport.

8. We ………………. English in a summer school.

9. I ……………….. in the sea every day.

10. I ………………… in the mountains.

Ex. 7. Underline the correct item.

1. “I really need a drink.” “OK, I’ll buy /’m buying you one. What would you like?”

2. “You look dreadful.” “I know, I’m seeng /’ll see the doctor tomorrow at 4 o’clock.

3. “Did you water the plants?” “Oh, no, I forgot; I’ll water /am going to water them now.”

4. I’m sure he’ll understand / ‘s going to understand if you explain it to him clearly.

5. If I have / will have enough money, I’ll buy a new bicycle.

6. Excuse me, Colin. Will you be going / Will you go to the library this morning?

7. I’m not sure when I go / will go on holiday this year.

8. If we go / will go to Greece in the summer, we will visit the islands.

Ex. 8. Complete the sentences using to be going to for the future.

1. ……………………….. the dinner tonight? (you/make)

2. He …………….. for a new job soon. (look)

3. It ………………. hot today, so we should take some bottles of water. (be)

4. …………………… that film on television tonight? (you/watch)

5. My brother ………………. the States next month. (visit)

6. We ………………. in the hotel these days. (stay)

7. They ……………….. new swimming pool in the centre of town. (build)

8. …………………… another car? (they/buy)

9. I ……………….. David’s parents tonight. (meet)

Unit II

Business Person’s Professional Qualities

In our society we have all kinds of organizations, such as companies, government departments, unions, hospitals, libraries and others. They are very important. They help us to create our standards of living and our quality of life. In all these organizations, there are people who carry out the work of a manager although they do not have that title.

A manager motivates or directs and leads other workers. In most companies, the activities of a manager depend on the level at which he/she is working. Top managers, such as chairmen or directors are busy with long-time planning, policy making, and the relations of the company with the outside world. They make decisions on the future of the organization.

On the other hand, middle managers and supervisors make day-to-day decisions. They deal with customers and technical problems, supply goods or make orders. For these tasks managers need both analytical and social abilities.

Speaking about analytical abilities we can’t but mention that managers must be able to set objectives for their organization and then work out how to achieve them. They also have to decide how to use the company’s /organization’s /union’s resources, how to divide the task among the employees, how to select people for the jobs. Also they must be able to set targets and standards and measure the performance of the organization.

As for the social abilities, it is necessary to say that good managers are both able to motivate employees and communicate with them, they have to get people to work as a team and help them to grow as human beings.

Ex. 1. Make up questions and find in the text answers to them:

1. Why/in our society/all kinds of organizations/are/important?

2. the level/the activities of a person/do/depend on/at which he is working/Why?

3. top managers/do/What/do?

4. middle managers/What/ busy with/are?

5. perform/What /does/operations/the manager?

6. the manager/does/analytical abilities/need/and social skills/Why?

Ex. 2. Match the English words and world-combinations from set A with

their Ukrainian equivalents from set B:

SET A

a) standard of living; b) supply goods; c) motivate employees; d) on the other hand; e) carry out the work; f) quality of life; g) work as a team; h) set targets and standards; i) measure the performance of the organization; j) divide the task among the employees; k) make day-to-day decisions; l) long time planning; m) depend on the level; n) human being; o) social skills; p) set objectives; q) make orders; r) on the one hand; s) analytical abilities.

SET B

1) навички спілкування; 2) рівень життя; 3) доставляти товари; 4) намічати цілі; 5) робити замовлення; 6) людина; 7) з одного боку; 8) оцінювати працездатність організації; 9) залежати від рівня; 10) мотивувати службовців; 11) з іншого боку; 12) довгострокове планування; 13) якість життя; 14) розподіляти завдання серед працівників; 15) встановлювати цілі та норми; 16) виконувати роботу; 17) працювати як одна команда; 18) приймати щоденні рішення; 19) аналітичні здібності.

Ex. 3. Make sentences using the chart:

must be able – мусить бути спроможним

have to –мусить, повинен

need to - потребує

Lawyers Finance managers Supervisors Personnel managers Sales managers General managers Department managers

must be able to have to need to

divide tasks among the workers; organize people; make decisions; direct and lead other people; set objectives; communicate with employees; select people for a job/for work; measure the performance of the department; develop people; help employees to grow as human beings; deal with customers; consult people on legal issues; discuss figures with an accountant.

Ex. 5. Choose qualities from the list to speak about the following jobs:

a lawyer, an economist, an accountant, a financial manager, a sales manager, a secretary, an editor.

Use such word combinations as I think, I am sure, in my opinion, etc.

Model:

In my opinion	lawyers	have to	be competent and intuitive.
I am sure	they also	must	be good at communicating with people.

Prompts:

Competent; good at communicating; good at motivating people; good at taking initiative and lead other people; group oriented; intuitive; logical; rational and analytic; hardworking; friendly; able to make decisions, polite; careful; creative; imaginative; patient etc.

- What qualities do you think are important for your future job?

- What qualities in your opinion are important to make a successful professional career?

I think I guess I believe I should say In my opinion

a civil official a businessman

need to should

be good at - taking decisions quickly - managing the staff - communicating with people - working in a team - dealing with customers - learning new skills and updating your knowledge be a good - team player - communicator - negotiator - troubleshooter be able to - motivate people - think globally - resolve different problems - analyze market trends have - patience - a good level of English - diplomacy - experience - energy - ambition - tact (sensitivity) - sense of humor

What are your strong qualities?

In fact Actually Honestly To tell the truth Frankly Speaking

I think I guess I believe that I should say I consider that I suppose I am sure I’m quite certain that I’m confident that

I am

- a responsible team player - and goal-oriented - creative - diplomatic - hard-working - ambitious - adaptable - well-organized - experienced - flexible - diligent - energetic - reliable - logical - responsible - intelligent - extremely talented - sensible - well-informed - clever - friendly

What are your strong qualities?

I think I guess I believe that I should say I am sure that I’m quite certain that I’m confident that

I

must be should be

- creative and well-informed - logical and diplomatic - hard-working and gifted - ambitious and diligent (усердный) - intelligent and adaptable - clever and well-organized - flexible - energetic and responsible - reliable and warm - quick-witted and logical - friendly and talented - well-informed and authoritative

What are you good at?

I think I believe that In my opinion They say My colleagues say that

I am

good at very good at quite good at extremely good at

- communicating with people - running the office - managing personnel - dealing with customers - working on figures - identifying potential business partners - coordinating technical projects - providing expertise - resolving problems - troubleshooting (улаживание конфликтов)

Grammar Exercises

Ex. 1. Make negatives and questions from these statements.

1. I’m going to the theatre next Tuesday. 2. The train leaves Plymouth at 11:30 and arrives at London at 14:45. 3. She is going to the cinema this evening. 4. The art exhibition opens on 3 May and finishes on 15 May. 5. The concert begins at 7:30 p. m.

Ex. 2. Use the Present Simple or the Present Continuous with a future meaning.

1. What time … Kate (arrive) tomorrow? 2. What time … the film (begin)? 3. What time … you (finish) your work tomorrow? 4. We … (buy) a new car next week. 5. My parents … (come)to stay with me this weekend.

Ex. 3. Are the following sentences present or future? Write Present or Future after each one.

1. Where is Jack? Is he working? Present

2. Are you going out tonight? Future

3. That tree is growing very fast.

4. I'm seeing Trisha on Wednesday.

5. Anna is starting school on Monday.

6. I'm waiting for a call at the moment.

7. He's making some chairs for the garden.

Ex. 4. Complete the sentences putting the verbs into the Present Continuous.

1. Are you meeting Debbie tonight? (you/meet)

2. I ……………… to class tomorrow. (not/come)

3. ……………………….. to work next week? (you/go)

4. My cousin ……………… us on Saturday. (visit)

5. I ………………….. a special meal tonight. (make)

6. ………………………………. on Friday? (they/leave)

7. We …………………… there with Skybright Airlines. (fly)

8. We ……………. my niece on holiday with us. (take)

9. I ………………… a birthday party this year. (not/have)

10. ……………………… at home this weekend? (you/stay)

11. …………………… work at 6 o'clock. (finish)

12. ………………to another town? (they/move)

13. We ………………. home tonight. (not/go)

14. They ………………. tonight. (not/come)

Ex. 5. Open the brackets and use the Future Indefinite or the Present Continuous Tense:

1. I’ve got a typewriter, I (learn) to type. 2. No, I (not eat) any more. I am a vegetarian. 3. What’s wrong? – I’ve got a flat tyre. – No problem. I (help) you. 4. What you (do) this evening? 5. He (be) busy tomorrow. He (service) his car. 6. Lucy (not go) anywhere this summer. Her son (go) to college. 7. I (go) to the country for the weekend. – I (go) with you. 8. You (turn down) the radio, please? 9 I (give) you another piece of cake? – No, thanks. That (do). 10. You (help) me with this bag?

Ex. 6. Fill in: will or be going to.

1. A: Have you decided where to go for your holidays?

B: Yes, I am going to visit Spain.

2. A: Does your tooth really hurt?

B: Yes, I ………… see the dentist tomorrow.

3. A: Do you have any stamps?

B: No, but I …………. get some now if you like.

4. A: When did you last speak to Susan?

B: Oh weeks ago, but I …………. meet her tonight.

5. A: Your car is very dirty.

B: I know. My son …………. wash it this afternoon.

6. A: Do you know what the weather forecast is for tomorrow?

B: No, but I expect it …………. be warmer than today.

7. A: Shall we go out tonight?

B: Sorry! I …………… eat at the Chinese restaurant with Paul.

8. A: What do you want to eat?

B: I …………….. have a hamburger and some chips, please.

9. A: Are you watching TV tonight?

B: Yes, I ………….. watch the interview with the Queen.

Ex. 7. Choose the correct variant:

1. If you _____ to the departmental head he will explain to you all our rules and regulations (will speak, speak). 2. Personnel manager: “Well, ladies and gentlemen. I _____ you a little about the rules and regulations we try to adhere to in our firm” (am going to tell, is going to tell, will tell). 3. Look at the dark clouds. It _____, I think (is going to rain, will rain, rains). 4. The lawyer is out, isn’t he? Then I _____ for him (won’t wait, am not going to wait, don’t wait). 5. I’m sure the researchers _____ late in the office (won’t stay, are not going to stay). 6. Somebody _____ probably _____ the finance manager and let him know the news (is ¼. going to call, will ¼. call).

Ex. 8. Complete the sentences with in, at, on, near, between.

1. Write your name ___ the top of the page.

2. I like that picture hanging ___ the wall ___ the kitchen.

3. I wasn’t sure whether I had come to the right office. There was no name ___ the door.

4. My brother lives ___ a small village ___ the south-west of England.

5. There is big armchair ___ the window.

6. The TV set is ___ the corner of the room.

7. There is a public telephone ___ the corner of the street.

8. There is a night table ___ the bed and wardrobe.

Unit III

Travelling

Answer the following questions:

1. What can you say about our transport facilities nowadays?

2. What would you do to provide better services on the roads?

3. Where can you get your car serviced?

4. Do you have to pay for the service at once or can you remit the money afterwards?

It seems almost everyone likes to travel. Travelling is more appealing during the summer when the weather is very warm and travelling can be easy to get to. People travel by train, by plane, by boat, by car. All ways of travelling have their advantages and disadvantages and people choose one according to their plans and destinations.

The most convenient way to travel is by plane. It is the quickest and the most comfortable. Plane tickets are more expensive than the railroad tickets. Bin fact, travelling by plane takes us less time, which is rather important when we are short of time. Usually a big city has many airway terminals from which hundreds of planes land and take off and thousands of passengers get on and off planes at the airport every day. People usually make reservations for flights in advance, especially in high season.

Travelling by train is cheaper but slower. There are slow trains and fast trains. Slow trains are slower only because they stop at all stations. There are also overnight trains and if, for example, you get on the overnight train in the evening you arrive in the morning. Passengers can travel in a sleeper, a first-class car (carriage) or a second-class car (carriage). As a rule, a first-class ticket is 50% more expensive than a second-class ticket.

Another popular way of travelling is by car. Travelling by car is, of course, comfortable. A passenger doesn’t need to buy a ticket. One can travel for long distances without getting too tired and stop anyplace to see historical sights and beautiful landscapes. For this reason travelling by car is popular for pleasure trips. When they are travelling on business people usually take a train or a plane.

Some people prefer to travel by boat. Luxurious ships cross seas and oceans from one continent to another and a sea voyage can be really enjoyable.

In the city we can catch a bus, a trolleybus a tram, the Underground or a taxi. Traffic is usually heavy and public transport is crowded, especially in rush hour. You must be careful when you are crossing the road to avoid accidents.

Sometimes you have to change from one means of transport to another. You do it at a stop. If you go down to a Metro Station you insert your fare card or metro token into the gate with a green light on.

In the trolleybus, bus or tram there is a conductor, who says: ”Fares, please.” If there is a vacant seat, you take it. If all the seats are taken, you have to stand.

• one - неозначений займенник, який є підметом у реченні і в даному випадку не перекладається.

One must do it. - Треба зробити це.

Ex. 1. Complete the questions and answer them.

1. Why is/do/are travelling more appealing during the summer?

2. What means of transport are/do/does passengers use?

3. What are/is/do the most convenient way to travel? Why?

4. What kind of car/carriage do/does/is passengers travel in?

5. What are/do/does you know about the overnight train?

6. What do/are/is good about travelling by car (by boat)?

7. What kinds of transport are/can/does we use in the city?

8. What are/does/do you know about the Underground?

9. What are/do/can the advantages and disadvantages of travelling by car (by train, by plane, by boat etc.)?

Ex. 2. Match the English words and word-combinations from set A with their Ukrainian equivalents from set B.

SET A	SET B
to be more appealing	не дуже стомлюючись
according to their plans and destinations	наприклад
to take us less time	відповідно до їх планів та місця призначення
the plane ticket is more expensive	бути більш привабливим
sometimes you have to change	займає в нас менш часу
to be popular for pleasure trip	бути популярним для приємної подорожі
to make reservation in advance	уникнути нещасних випадків
to get on and off planes	сісти на нічний поїзд
to get on the overnight train	резервувати місце заздалегідь
a first-class car and a second-class car	сісти або вийти з літака
for instance	квиток на літак більш дорогий
without getting too tired	вагон першого класу та вагон другого класу
traffic is heavy	інколи ви повинні пересісти
to avoid accidents	великий вуличний рух
to stop wherever he wishes	зупинятися де завгодно

Ex. 3. Complete the sentences using the word-combinations from the text above.

People (подорожують) by train, by plane, by boat, by car. All ways of traveling (мають свої переваги та недоліки). It is (більш привабливим) to travel during the summer. People choose the way of travelling (відповідно їх планам та місцю призначення).

(Найзручніший) way of traveling is by plane. It is also (найшвидший) and (найбільш комфортабельний), but it is very (дорогий). But traveling by plane take us (менш часу). (Квиток на літак) is more expensive than the railroad ticket.

A big city usually has (аеропорти) from which hundreds of planes (злітають та садяться). People usually (резервують місце) for flights (заздалегідь).

Some people prefer travelling by train. It is (дешевше) but (повільніше). There are (пасажирські потяги) and (швидкі потяги). Passenger can travel in (спальний вагон), (вагон першого класу) or (вагоні другого класу). A first-class ticket is 50% (дорожче) than a second class ticket.

Another popular (засіб подорожування) is by car. Travelling by car is of course (зручне). You can travel without (не дуже стомлюючись).

A passenger can stop (де б він не захотів) to see historical places.

Ex. 4. Translate the sentences.

1) Я вважаю, що поїзд є найзручнішим засобом пересування.

2) Подорож автомобілем популярна, тому що ми можемо подорожувати на довгі дистанції не дуже стомлюючись.

3) Якщо дорожній рух великий, будьте обережними, переходячи вулицю, щоб уникнути нещасних випадків.

4) Подорож поїздом дешевша, але повільніша.

5) Подорож літаком дуже зручна для ділових поїздок.

REMEMBER! to get into a car (a taxi) to arrive in a city (country). to get out of a car (a taxi) to arrive at the station (airport, a town) to get on a bus(a train, a plane etc.) to get off a bus(a train, a plane etc.)

by train, by plane, by car, by air, by water etc. But : on foot

Ex. 5. Fill in the proper preposition.

1. The Browns arrived … France last Monday.

2. This is my stop I have to get … .

3. The train arrived … the station and we get … .

4. I like to fly … plane. It’s so fast.

5. Shall we go … bus or shall we go … foot?

6. How can I get … this car? It is locked.

7. Get … my car! I’ll call the police.

Grammar Exercises

Ex. 1. Write the Comparative and Superlative forms of the adjectives.

Busy, careful, long, dry, wide, great, cold, short, clever, silly, black, convenient, white, thin, thick, fat, nice, warm, merry, comfortable, small, tall, important, old, friendly, brave, good, difficult, deep, heavy, beautiful, happy, easy, bad, little, far, big, old, often, fast, crowded.

The boy is taller than the girl.

Is the boy as tall as the man?

No, the boy isn’t so tall as the man.

He is smaller than the man.

The man is the tallest of all.

Ex. 2. Compare different means of transport and ways of travelling as in the model

Model: more expensive — a bus is more expensive than a bike.

faster more comfortable

more interesting cheaper

more reliable longer

less dangerous healthier

the most convenient the best

Ex. 3. Put in as…as or than.

1) Our house is not…big…yours. 2. The new cinema in our district is much bigger…the old one. 3. The house I live in is …old …the one my sister lives in. 4. Exercise2 is easier… Exercise3. 5. My composition is not … long … yours.

Ex. 4. Put the adjectives into the correct form.

1. This man is (tall) than that one. 2. Which building is the (high) in Kyiv? 3. Mary is a (good) student than Lucy. 4. The Alps are (high) than the Urals. 5 Our buses are (comfortable) than double-deckers. 6. Kyiv is the (large) city of our country. 7. The weather today is (bad) than it was yesterday. 8. I think the Metropol Hotel is the (good) in our city. 9. Could you tell me where the (near) Underground station is? 10. She is not so (fond) of sports as my brother is. 11. A bus is (fast) than a train. 12. Which is the (hot) month of the year? 13. She is not so (busy) as I am. 14. He is as (tired) as you are. 15. It is (easy) to swim in the sea than in the river. 16. (Good) late than never.

Ex. 5. Fill in the blanks as in the example.

a) 1. At the disco, the music got louder and louder as the night went on. (loud)

2. Clothes seem to be getting …………… all the time. (expensive)

3. The plane flew ……………… into the sky. (high)

4. Pets are very popular now and ……………… people enjoy looking after animals. (many)

b) 1. The longer I had to queue at the bank, the more impatient I became.

2. …………. (much) the child cried, …………… (angry) the mother became.

3. …………. (small) a flat is, …………….. (low) the rent is.

4. ………….. (fast) you drive, ……………. (quick) we’ll get there.

Ex. 6. Form the degrees of comparison from the following adverbs:

Quickly; late; often; long; comfortably; badly; quietly; much; heavily; little; fully; beautifully; early.

Ex. 7. Pair work. Ask each other these questions and answer them.

Begin each answer with: In my opinion, I personally think…

1) What are the most interesting tourist sights for visitors in our country?

2) What are the most popular vacation places for people in our country? Why?

3) What is the most popular car in the country?

4) Do you think travel helps a person to become wiser?

5) What is the best (worst) hotel in Kyiv (your home town)?

6) What is the worst (best) season for travelling?

7) What is the most popular way of travelling among young people?

Essential vocabulary

MODULE II

Unit I

research center	дослідницький центр
researcher	дослідник
to conduct research	проводити дослідження
to publish	публікувати
political scientist	політолог
to employ	наймати на роботу, надавати роботу
employee	службовець
to prepare reports (for smb)	готувати звіти (доповіді)
to issue	видавати (газети, журнали)
issue	питання, проблема; 2) видання
accountant	бухгалтер
unit	підрозділ
to manage	керувати, управляти
manager	керівник, менеджер, управляючий
to file, to log	вносити дані в комп’ютер
datum (pl.data)	дані
to distribute	розподіляти
assignment	завдання
editor	редактор
to edit	редагувати
to arrange	організовувати
to appoint	призначати
to make an appointment	призначити зустріч
experienced	досвідчений
lawyer	юрист, адвокат
state registration	державна реєстрація
audit	аудиторська перевірка, ревізія
to defend	захищати
court	суд
legal issue	юридичне питання
legal paper	юридичний документ
to maintain relations	підтримувати відношення
abroad	за кордоном
personnel department/ office	відділ кадрів
personnel manager	завідуючий відділом кадрів
to work part-time	працювати погодинно/ неповний робочий день
to deal (with)	мати справу з
to supervise (over)	здійснювати нагляд, керувати
supervisor	завідуючий, управляючий

Unit II

society	суспільство; товариство
department	відділ
to create	створювати
standard of living	рівень життя
quality	якість
to carry out	виконувати
although	хоча
to motivate	мотивувати
to direct	направляти
to lead (led, led)	вести; очолювати
activity	діяльність
to depend (on)	залежати (від)
level	рівень
chairman	головуючий
policy making	вироблення політики (держави, компанії)
to be busy with	бути чимось зайнятим
to decide	вирішувати
decision	рішення
on the one hand	з одного боку
on the other hand	з другого боку
to supply goods	поставляти товари
to make orders	робити замовлення
to set standards	встановлювати стандарти, норми
to set objectives	намічати цілі
to set/ fix targets	встановлювати цілі
to perform	здійснювати, виконувати
performance	виконання, здійснення
ability	здібність, здатність
to be able (to do)	бути здатним (до)
skill	навичка, майстерність
team	команда
to work as a team	працювати, як одна команда
to measure	вимірювати
measure	міра
to take measures	приймати міри
resource	ресурс

Unit III

accident	аварія, нещасний випадок
appealing	привабливий
according to	відповідно до
advantage	перевага
to avoid	уникати
to arrive in	прибувати (у велике місто, країну)
to arrive at	прибувати (на станцію, аеропорт )
to be short of time	бути обмеженим в часі
bedding	постіль
carriage (car)	вагон
to change	пересісти
to check	перевіряти
to climb up	забиратися
conductor	провідник
convenient	зручний
destination	місце призначення
disadvantage	недолік
dining-car	вагон-ресторан
fast train	швидкий поїзд
fare card	проїзний абонемент
first-class car (carriage)	вагон першого класу
to get on	сісти в поїзд (літак, автобус)
to get off	вийти з поїзда (літака, автобуса)
to get into	сісти в автомобіль
to get out of	вийти з автомобіля
journey	подорож, поїздка (суходолом)
to land	приземлятися, причалювати
luggage	багаж
to insert	вставляти, вміщати
level	рівень
luxurious	розкішний
means	засіб
metro token	жетон на проїзд
platform	платформа
reservation	резервування
sea voyage	морська подорож, плавання
overnight train	нічний поїзд
sleeper	спальний вагон
slow train	повільний поїзд
second-class car (carriage)	вагон другого класу
to take off	злітати
terminal	термінал
traffic	дорожній рух
to travel	подорожувати
vacant	вільний, вакантний

GRAMMAR FOCUS

Дієслово (to be) в теперішньому простому часі (Present Simple)

Дієслово to be відповідає українському дієслову бути, перебувати. Вживається у функції допоміжного дієслова - зв’язки складеного присудка і в цьому разі звичайно не перекладається.

Однина	Множина
I – am You - are He, she, it - is	We – are You – are They – are

Possessive pronouns

Присвійні займенники

Присвійні займенники відповідають на питання чий?, чия?, чиє?, чиї?

Однина		Множина
Особові займенники	Присвійні займенники	Особові займенники	Присвійні займенники
I (я) you (ти) he (він) she (вона) it (він, вона, воно)	my(мій) your (твій) his (його) her (її) its (його, її,)	we (ми) you (ви) they (вони)	our (наш) your (ваш) their (їх)

Objective case of pronouns

Об’єктний відмінок особових займенників

Об’єктний відмінок особових займенників відповідає на питання

Кому?, чому?, кого?, чого?

Особові займенники
Однина		Множина
Загальний відмінок	Об’єктний відмінок	Загальний відмінок	Об’єктний відмінок
I you he she it	me (мене, мені) you (тебе, тобі) him (його, йому) her (її, їй) it(його, йому, її, їй)	we you they	us (нас, нам) you (вас, вам) them (їх, їм)

Pronouns

	Who?	Whom?	Whose?
	Subject	Object	Pronoun + N
Singular	I He She It	me him her it	my job his job her job its job	mine his hers its
Plural	We You They	us you them	our job your job their job	ours yours theirs

Demonstrative pronouns

Вказівні займенники

Вказівний займенник this (цей, ця, це) вживається, коли йдеться про предмет або особу, що перебуває поблизу. У множині має форму these. Вказівний займенник that (той, та, те) вживається, коли мова йде про предмет, особу, віддалену від того, хто говорить. У множині має форму those:

That is a room. – Those are rooms.

This is a board. – These are boards.

That is a window. – Those are windows.

This is a table. – These are tables.

This is a book. – These are books.

Imperative Mood

Наказовий спосіб дієслова

Наказове речення виражає прохання, наказ. Воно починається з дієслова в формі інфінітива без частки to, а заперечна форма утворюється з допоміжного дієслова do, частки not та інфінітива основного дієслова (don’t):

Bring me this book – Принеси мені цю книжку.

Give him his pencil – Дай йому його олівець.

Don’t come here! – Не підходь сюди!

Don’t be afraid! – Не бійся!

Present Indefinite (Simple) Tense

Теперішній простий час

Стверджувальна форма дієслова в Present Indefinite в усіх особах однини і множини, крім третьої особи однини, збігається з інфінітивом (неозначеною формою дієслова) без частки to:

I study

We study

You study

They study

У третій особі однини до інфінітива без частки to додається закінчення -s або -es:

To invite – he invites

To teach- he teaches

Питальна форма утворюється за допомогою допоміжного дієслова do або does, яке ставиться перед підметом:

Do I study?

Does he read?

Заперечна форма утворюється за допомогою дієслова do або does, заперечної частки not та інфінітива основного дієслова без частки to:

I do not study.

He does not study.

Вживання:

Випадки вживання	1.Загальновідомі факти, які є незаперечною істиною.	2. Дія звичайна, яка регулярно повторюється у теперішньому часі.	3. Ряд послідовних дій у теперішньому часі.
Наявність показників часу		Кожен день every day Часто often Завжди always Звичайно usually Ніколи never Інколи sometimes та ін.	Спочатку at first Потім, тоді then Після after
Приклади	Вода замерзає при 00С. Water freezes at zero. Земля кругла. The world is round.	Я часто пишу листи своїй сестрі. I often write letters to my sister.	Я приходжу на роботу, продивляюсь пошту, а потім пишу листи. I come to the office, look through the mail and then write letters.
Винятки	4. Present Simple вживається у підрядних реченнях часу та умови після сполучників: якщо- If, коли-when, як тільки-as soon as, перш ніж-before, та ін. замість Future Simple (майбутнього простого часу)	5. Present Simple вживається замість Present Continuous з дієсловами, що виражають почуття, сприйняття, розумову діяльність: бачити-to see, відчувати-to feel, чути-to hear, знати-to know, розуміти-to understand, хотіти-to want, любити-to love, ненавидіти-to hate, а також з дієсловами бути-to be, належати-to belong, складатися-to consist та ін.
Приклади	Як тільки я напишу листа, я відразу ж його відішлю. As soon as I write the letter, I’ll post it immediately.	Я ії бачу. I see her now. Я чую галас. I hear a noise. Я не розумію, про що вона говорить. I don’t understand what she is talking about.

Present Continuous Tense

Теперішній тривалий час

Present Continuous утворюється за допомогою допоміжного дієслова to be і дієприкметника теперішнього часу (Present Participle) основного дієслова.

Present Participle утворюється додаванням закінчення -ing до інфінітива основного дієслова без частки to:

I am speaking (I’m speaking).

У питальній формі допоміжне дієслово ставиться перед підметом:

What are you doing?

Is she working in the garden?

Вживання:

Випадки вживання	1. Дія в розвитку, незакінчена, яка відбувається у даний момент (момент мовлення).	2. Дія, запланована на недалеке майбутнє, особливо з дієсловами, що означають рух: іти, їхати to go, приходити to come, від’їжджати to leave, починати to start та ін.	2.Намір виконати дію у найближчому майбутньому з відтінком обов’язковості та неминучості її виконання, виражений дієсловом to go з інфінітивом.
Наявність показників часу	зараз now в даний момент at the present moment	обставини часу, що вказують на майбутнє: завтра tomorrow завтра 5-годинним поїздом tomorrow by 5 o’clock train та ін.
Приклади	Я зараз працюю, не турбуй мене. I’m working now, don’t bother me.	Через хвилину я приїду. I am coming in a minute.	Він збирається бути економістом. He is going to be an economist.

Adverbs of frequency

Пріслівники частотності

0%	50%	100%
never	sometimes	often	usually	always

1. These adverbs usually come before the main verb, but after the verb to be.

I usually go to bed at about 11:00.

I don’t often go swimming.

She never eats meat.

We always have wine in the evenings.

I sometimes play tennis on Saturdays.

2. Sometimes and usually can also come at the beginning or the end.

Sometimes we play cards. – We play cards sometimes.

Usually I walk to school. – I walk to school usually.

3. Don’t put never and always at the beginning or the end of the sentence.

Prepositions of time

Прийменники часу

at	8 o'clock 10.30 midnight weekend Christmas

e.g.The library is open at 3.

on

Sunday morning 27 February 6 June New Year's Day

in

April May 1994 2001 autumn the morning

e.g. Our conference is on 14 August.

The trees are in blossom in spring.

But: We don't use at, on, in before this, every, next, last.

e.g. Goodbye! See you next Wednesday.

The noun