Homogenized, Holstein, udders, rBst, milk pipeline.

1 Most people prefer milk that is _________________.

2 Machines pull milk from cows’ _________________.

3 ______________ makes cows produce more milk.

4 The _____________ carries milk to storage.

5 ______________ cows are known as great milk producers.

4. Match the words (1-6) with the definitions (A-F).

1 ___ dairy 4 ___ milking parlor

2 ___ heifer 5 ___ pasteurize

3 ___ calf 6 ___ milking herd

A a female cow that has not given birth

B food made from milk

C an area where cows are milked

D to heat milk in order to kill bacteria

E a group of cows that produce milk

F a baby cow

5. Listen and read the page from a website again. What happens to milk that has passed through the pipeline? (t. 39)

6. Listen to a conversation between two dairy employees. Choose the correct answers.

1 What is the problem with the heifer?

A She does not produce enough milk.

B She is too old to have a calf.

C She is underweight for a milk cow.

D She does not get enough to eat.

2. When will the heifer move to the milk herd?

A when her calf is weaned

B when she gains weight

C when she is healthy again

D when she gets old enough

7. Listen again and complete the conversation. (t. 40)

Employee I: I think it’s time for this heifer to leave the nursery barn.

Employee II: Really? Do you think she is ready to join the milk herd?

Employee I: I do. She has been in the heifer herd for a pretty long time.

Employee II: That’s true. But I don’t think she’s ready to have a calf.

Employee I: Why do you say that? She’s almost two years old. That’s the right age, if you ask me.

Employee II: Well, age is important, but it’s not 1 ________ ________ _______. Have you weight her lately?

Employee I: No, I haven’t. Is there a problem 2 ________ ________ ________?

Employee II: It’s not a problem, exactly. It’s just that she’s not quite 3 __________ _________ to join the milk herd.

Employee I: 4 _________ ________. But we need to get her weight up, then. Have you increased her feed rations?

Employee II: No, we haven’t.

Employee I: Let’s start with that. If we can get another twenty or thirty 5________ ________ ________, we’ll move her into the milk herd. 6________ ________?

Employee II: Yes, that’s a good plan.

Speaking

8. With a partner, act out the roles below based on Task 7. Then, switch roles.

Use language such as:

I think it’s time this heifer …

I don’t think she is ready to …

If we can … we’ll …

Student A: You are a dairy farmer. Talk to Student B about:

• moving a heifer to the milk herd

• heifer age and weight

Student B: You are a dairy farmer. Talk to Student A about moving a heifer to the milk herd.

Writing

9. Use the conversation from Task 8 to write a plan to move the heifer.

Heifer 1187

Age: ___________________________________________________

Weight: _________________________________________________

Goal: ___________________________________________________

Changes: ________________________________________________

Will move to milking herd when: _____________________________

Unit 11

SHEEP INDUSTRY

1. Before you read the passage, talk about these questions.

1 How is raising sheep different from raising cattle?

2 Are sheep raised mostly for meat or wool in your country?

2. Read the business announcement. Then, choose the correct answers.

Cloudhaven Sheep Farm

Galton Industries is proud to produce our newest venture, the Cloudhaven Sheep Farm. Building on our success with the Cloudhaven Cattle Yard, we have created a lambing facility that offers the same quality production. Cloudhaven oversees three flocks, combining for a total of approximately 3000 head of sheep. We supply both feeder lambs and market slaughter lambs. Thanks to our accelerated lambing process, we can meet the demands of any customer, large or small. Our ewes produce one to two lambs per year. During each lambing period, we keep half of the lambs for finishing. The others are distributed to meet seasonal market demands. This is all made possible by our system of confinement lamb production. Our experienced managers ensure the safety and quality of lambs inside our facility. Not only does this process increase quality, but it also helps keep our costs down. Unlike range production operations, confinement production means we have zero losses to predation. And we pass those savings on to our customers. So, come see us at Cloudhaven Sheep Farm for quality sheep at low price.

1 What is the passage mostly about?

A a takeover of a failing sheep operation

B the advantages of range production

C the success of a cattle operation

D the operations of a new facility

2 What was the company’s previous business venture?

A a cattle yard

B a slaughterhouse

C a free range poultry operation

D a meat processing facility

3 What is the advantage of confinement lamb production?

A production of more lambs

B no predation losses

C accelerated lambing process

D better market prices

3. Match the words (1-6) with definitions (A-F).

1 ___ flock 5 ___ market slaughter lamb

2 ___ ewe 6 ___ confinement lamb production

3 ___ distribute

4 ___ feeder lamb

A a large group of domesticated sheep

B a method for raising sheep indoors

C a lamb that is sold to be slaughtered

D a lamb that is sold for finishing

E to supply goods to shops to be sold

F a female sheep

4. Read the sentence pair. Choose where the words best fit the blanks.

1 seasonal market / accelerated lambing

A The farm produced more lambs for the __________ .

B Weak ewes cannot participate in ___________ .

2 lambing period / finishing

A Lambs are put up for sale after ____________.

B Ewes need extra care during the ____________.

5. Listen and read the business announcement again. What happens to the lambs during the lambing period?(t. 41)

6. Listen to a conversation between a customer and a sheep farm employee. Mark the following statements as true (T) or false (F). (t. 42)

1 ___ The woman wants market slaughter lambs.

2 ___ The sheep farm cannot complete orders over 300 lambs.

3 ___ Lamb prices are determined by weight.

7.Listen again and complete the conversation.

Employee: Cloudhaven Sheep Farm. This is Michael speaking. How can I help you?

Customer: Hi, Michael. My farm is expanding operations, and we’re looking to get some 1 ________ ________ .

Employee: Well, we can certainly provide that. About how many animals are you 2 _______ _______ ?

Customer: I’d like 3 _______ _______ 300 head. Can you complete an order that large?

Employee: 4 ________ ________. We try to keep a steady population of about 3000. Of course, only 4 of those are feeder lambs. The rest are 5 ________ _______.

Customer: I see. Well, 6 _______ _______ _______ . In that case, let’s talk about prices.