Модуль 3. Страноведческий обзор темы «Англоязычные страны»

The … of

the USA

Is

stars

in comparison with …

flag

the UK

is in

stripes

compared with …

motto

the Great Britain

is characterized by

crosses

opposite to …

political system

England

consists of

land

in contrast with …

climate

America

is formed by

water

on the background of …

mountains

the United States of America

includes

«In god we trust»

as well as …

rivers

the United Kingdom

is famous for

Democracy

while …

lakes

Canada

is well-known for

Republic

for …

seas

Australia

belongs to

Constitutional Monarchy

lakes

New Zealand

Has

English

music

India

possesses

French

literature

South Africa

owns

Rock

religion

Russia

borders with

Jazz

national language

the Russian Federation

is washed by

Blues

is called

is named

is determined as

GENERAL INFORMATION

United Kingdom

USA

Canada

Australia

New Zealand

India

Language

The official languages: English

The United Kingdom, consisting of Great Britain (England, Wales, and Scotland ) and Northern Ireland

English.

Capital: London.

The largest City: London.

The official languages only de facto: English.

Capital: Washington.

The largest city: New York.

The official languages: English and French.

Capital: Ottawa.

The largest city: Toronto.

English (not de jure, but de facto) the official language and the national language.

Capital: Canberra.

The largest city: Sydney.

The official languages: The official languages: English and Maori.

Capital: Wellington.

The largest city: Auckland.

The official languages: Hindi, English.

Capital: New Delhi.

The largest city: Mumbai.

Flag, year of its official status

Union Jack

1801

(The Cross of Saint Andrew counterchanged with the Cross of Saint Patrick, over all the Cross of Saint George).

The Stars and Stripes

1777

(Thirteen horizontal stripes alternating red and white; in the canton, 50 white stars on a blue field).

The Maple Leaf

1965

(A vertical bicolour triband of red, white, and red, with a red maple leaf charged in the centre).

1901

(British Union Jack on the left corner and six white stars on blue field).

1902

(A field of air force blue with the Union Jack in the corner).

1947

(Horizontal tricolour flag (deep saffron, white, and green). In the center of the white is a navy blue wheel with 24 spokes).

National colors

Red, white and blue.

Red, white and blue.

Red and white.

Green and gold.

Black.

Saffron, white and green.

GENERAL INFORMATION

United Kingdom

USA

Canada

Australia

New Zealand

India

Coat of arms

1837

1782

1921

1912

1911 (1956)

1950

Motto

-

In God We Trust (official)

E Pluribus Unum (traditional) (Latin: Out of Many, One).

«A Mari Usque Ad Mare» (Latin)

«From Sea to Sea».

-

-

«Satyameva Jayate» (Sanskrit)

«Truth Alone Triumphs».

Anthem

God Save the Queen.

The Star-Spangled Banner.

O Canada.

Advance Australia Fair.

God Defend New Zealand

(God Save the Queen).

-

National animal

Lion (England), Unicorn (Scotland),

European Dragon (Wales).

Bald Eagle.

Beaver.

Kangaroo.

Kiwi, sheep.

Bengal Tiger.

GEOGRAPHIC POSITION

United Kingdom

USA

Canada

Australia

New Zealand

India

Continent;

Part of the continent

The total area is approximately 245,000 square kilometers.

It comprises the island of Great Britain (England, Scotland and Wales) and the northeastern one-sixth of the island of Ireland (Northern Ireland), together with many smaller islands.

USA comprises fifty states and a federal district

The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington, D.C., the capital district, lie between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bordered with Canada in the north and Mexico in the south.

Canada is located in the northern-most region of North America.

Australia is a country, an island, and a continent. It is located at 27°S 144°E. It is the sixth largest country in the world with a total area of 7,686,850 square kilometers, making it slightly smaller than the states of the United States and 31.5 times larger than the United Kingdom.

New Zealand comprises two main islands, the North and South Islands, Te Ika a Maui and Te Wai Pounamu respectively in Māori. The total land area, 268,680 square kilometers (103,738 sq mi).

Bounded by the Indian Ocean in the South, the Arabian Sea in the West, and the Bay of Bengal on the east, India has a coastline of 7,517 kilometers. It is situated in the south of Asia.

Ocean, sea

It lies between the North Atlantic Ocean and the North Sea.

Pacific and Atlantic Oceans.

Stretching from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west; the Arctic Ocean lies in the north.

In the west there is the Indian Ocean and in the east there is the Pacific Ocean. South of Tasmania is in the Southern Ocean. In North of Australia there are the Timor and Arafura seas, in the southeast there is the Tasman Sea, and in the northeast there is the Coral Sea.

South-western Pacific Ocean.

Indian Ocean

Arabian Sea.

Mountain

The ten tallest mountains in the UK are all found in Scotland. The highest peaks in each part of the UK are:

Scotland: Ben Nevis (Aonach Mòr, 1,344 meters).

Wales: Snowdon (Snowdonia, 1,085 meters).

England: Scafell Pike (Cumbrian Mountains, 977 meters).

Northern Ireland: Slieve Donard (Mourne Mountains, 852 meters).

The Rocky Mountains, at the western edge of the Great Plains, extend from north to south across the country, reaching altitudes higher than 14,000 feet (4,300 m) in Colorado.

Mount Logan in Yukon is the highest peak of Canada.

The tallest mountain in Australia is Mt Kosciuszko, at 2228m.

Aoraki / Mount Cook is the highest mountain in New Zealand.

The Himalayas form the mountainous landscape of Northern India.

GEOGRAPHIC POSITION

United Kingdom

USA

Canada

Australia

New Zealand

India

Rivers

The longest rivers in the UK are:

England: River Thames (215 mi, 346 km)

Scotland: River Tay (117 mi, 188 km).

The Mississippi–Missouri River, the world's fourth longest river system, runs mainly north–south through the heart of the country.

The Mackenzie River is the longest river in Canada.

Longest rivers:

Murray River 2,375 kilometers

Murrumbidgee River - 1,485 kilometers.

The longest river in New Zealand is the Waikato River with a length of 425 kilometers.

Ganga

Brahmaputra.

3. Climate

The United Kingdom has a temperate climate, with plentiful rainfall all year round.

Classified as a mid-latitude oceanic climate and in the Scottish Highlands with warm summers, cool winters and plentiful precipitation throughout the year.

The United States, with its large size and geographic variety, includes most climate types. In the east of the 100^th meridian, the climate ranges from humid continental in the north to humid subtropical in the south. The southern part of Florida is tropical, as is Hawaii. The Great Plains in west of the 100th meridian are semi-arid.

Canada's climate is not as cold all year around as some people believe. In winter, temperatures fall below freezing point throughout most of Canada. But the south-western coast has a relatively mild climate. Along the Arctic Circle, mean temperatures are below freezing for seven months a year.

The climate of Australia varies widely, but by far the largest part of Australia is desert or semi-arid – 40% of the landmass is covered by sand dunes. Only the south-east and south-west areas have a temperate climate and moderately fertile soil. The northern part of the country has a tropical climate: there is tropical rainforests, grasslands, and deserts.

The climate throughout the country is mild and the temperate falls below 0 °C (32 °F) or rises above 30 °C (86 °F) in populated areas.

Four major climatic groupings predominate in India: tropical wet, tropical dry, subtropical humid, and mountain.

SOCIAL SYSTEM / POLYTICS

United Kingdom

USA

Canada

Australia

New Zealand

India

Political system

Parliamentary Democracy and Constitutional Monarchy.

Federal constitutional republic.

Constitutional monarchy.

Federal constitutional monarchy under a parliamentary democracy.

Parliamentary democracy and Constitutional monarchy.

Federal republic, parliamentary democracy.

Head of the country

Queen Elizabeth II.

The president.

Elizabeth II, Queen of GB and Canada.

English Monarch - Queen Elizabeth II.

English Monarch - Queen Elizabeth II .

President.

Government Exertive Power

Prime Minister of the United Kingdom is the head of the government.

Executive power is exercised by the UK government.

Prime Minister is the head of government.

Westminster style federal parliamentary democracy within a constitutional monarchy.

The Federal Executive Council (the Governor-General as advised by the Executive Council).

Prime Minister is the head of government.

The Governor General chairs the Executive Council, which is a formal committee consisting of all ministers of the Crown.

Prime Minister.

Legislature

Legislative power is presented by both the government and the two chambers of Parliament, the House of Commons and the House of Lords.

The bicameral Congress, made up of the Senate and the House of Representatives.

The executive power: The president is the commander-in-chief of the military forces.

The bicameral Parliament of Canada consists of three parts: the monarch, the Senate, and the House of Commons.

Legislative power rests with the Parliament of Australia, which consists of an upper house, the Senate, and the House of Representatives.

New Zealand's main legislative body is a unicameral Parliament known as the House of Representatives.

The parliament consists of the President and the two Houses.

Judicial

The judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature, though several senior judges are still members of the House of Lords.

The Supreme Court and lower federal courts.

Independent of executive.

The High Court of Australia and other federal courts.

The highest court in New Zealand is the Supreme Court of New Zealand.

Independent of the executive power.

SOCIAL SYSTEM / ECONOMY

United Kingdom

USA

Canada

Australia

New Zealand

India

Industry;

Agriculture;

Natural resources;

Transport;

Communication; Networks

The United Kingdom is a major developed capitalist highly mechanized economy.

Agriculture is intensive.

The UK retains a significant, although vastly reduced, fishing industry.

Transport in the United Kingdom is facilitated with well-developed road, air, rail, and water networks.

The economy of the United States is the largest national economy in the world in both nominal value and by purchasing power parity.

The United States is the largest importer of goods and third largest exporter, though exports per capita are relatively low.

Major industries: automobile manufacturing, pulp and paper, iron and steel work, machinery and equipment manufacturing, mining, extraction of fossil fuels, forestry and agriculture.

The main highway system (completed in 1962) is called the Trans-Canada Highway. The highway is 7 604 km long.

The economy of Australia is a prosperous, free market economy dominated by its services sector, representing 68% of Australian GDP. The agricultural and mining sectors (10% of GDP combined) is 57% of the nation's exports. Transportation in Australia is a highly significant part of the infrastructure of the Australian economy, since the distances are large and the country has a low population density.

The Economy of New Zealand is a market economy highly mechanized.

Agriculture is intensive.

80% of the land was forested

Transport is facilitated with well-developed road, air, rail, and water networks.

Major industries include textiles, chemicals, food processing, steel, transport equipment, cement, mining, petroleum, machinery, software.

Transport in the Republic of India is an important part of the nation's economy.

Literature

Playwright and poet William Shakespeare. English writers are Geoffrey Chaucer (14th century), Thomas Malory (15th century), Sir Thomas More (16th century), and John Milton (17th century).

Modern Voices in Prose and Poetry: Ernest Hemingway, William Faulkner, Robert Lowell.

Canada’s literature, whether written in English or French, often reflects the Canadian perspective on nature, frontier life.

Literature, philosophy, music

Much of contemporary New Zealand culture is derived from British roots.

It also includes significant influences from American, Australian and Māori cultures, along with those of other European cultures and – more recently – non-Māori Polynesian and Asian cultures.

Religious and philosophical literature since ancient times.

SOCIAL SYSTEM / CULTURE

United Kingdom

USA

Canada

Australia

New Zealand

India

Music

Hop, jazz, pop, popular, rock, soul. Classical music, Early music, Folk, Hip.

Rock and roll, blues, country, rhythm and blues, jazz, pop, techno, and hip hop.

From the17th century onward Canada has developed a music infrastructure that includes church halls, chamber halls, conservatories, academies, performing arts centers, record companies, radio stations.

Some modern trends in Australian music is based on, or concurrent with, similar trends from the United States or United Kingdom and elsewhere.

The most popular styles were rock and hip hop.

The music of India includes multiple varieties of folk, popular, pop,  classical music and R - B. Religious, Hinduism music is very popular.

Religion

Protestant, Catholic and Orthodox Christians, Muslims, Sikh, Hindu.

Protestant 52%, Roman Catholic 24%, Mormon 2%, Jewish 1%, Muslim 1%, other religion 10%, no religion 10% (2002 est.)

Religion in Canada encompasses a wide range of groups, and Canada has no official religion. Protestants, Catholics and other.

Religion in Australia remains dominated demographically by Christianity.

Christianity is the predominant religion in New Zealand.

The two main religions are Hinduism (80%) and the Muslim religion (10%) but there are also small numbers of Buddhists, Christians, Sikhs, Parsees and others.

SIGHTS

United Kingdom

USA

Canada

Australia

New Zealand

India

In the capital;

Central buildings;

Museums;

In the country;

Cities;

Waterfalls

The National Gallery, National Portrait Gallery, Tate Modern;

Westminster Abbey, Westminster Cathedral, Houses of Parliament, Buckingham Palace;

Imperial War Museum, British Museum;

London, Birmingham, Leeds, Glasgow, Liverpool, Cardiff, Belfast;

Eas a’ Chual Aluinn is located near Glen Coul, Sutherland in the Scottish Highlands.

United States Capitol;

Bridge Museum, Museum Interior;

New York, Los Angeles, Chicago, Houston, Philadelphia, San Diego;

Ahern Glacier Falls,

Aimoo Falls, Angel Falls.

First Canadian Place, Scotia Plaza;

Nova Scotia Museum of Natural History, School Days Museum, Acadian House Museum;

Airdrie, Abbotsford, Brandon

Athabasca Falls, Panther Falls.

Provisional Parliament House building, Parliament House, Canberra;

Museums Australia National Conference, Museums Australia Magazine

Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane;

Apsley Falls, Bangalore Falls, Beauchamp Falls.

Government House, the official residence of the Governor-General;

City Gallery, the oldest building in Wellington is the late Georgian Colonial Cottage , St. James Theatre;

The Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa ;

Auckland, Christchurch, Hamilton;

Kitekite Falls, Karekare Falls, Piroa Falls and Whangarei Falls.

Parliament of India building in New Delhi;

National Museum, the National Museum Institute of History of Art, Conservation and Museology;

Mumbai, Bangalore, Kolkata

Kailasakona Falls, Kuntala Falls, Pochera Falls.

United Kingdom

The USA

Canada

Australia

New Zealand

History of countries

Iberian tribes, about 3000 BC

Stonehenge, thought to have been erected in.2500-2000BC

Celtic tribes (Britons)

Invade by the Romans in 55-54 BC

Second Invade in 43 AC

Vikings attack till 793

Scandinavian attacks

Normans conquest in 10^th c.

First inhabitants

15-50000 years ago

A traditional Iroquois longhouse.

Native Americans (Indians)

14000 years ago

Well known groups:

Apache, Tribe, Cherokee, Sioux, Delaware,

Algonquin, Choctaw, Mohegan, Iroquois

The Mayflower, which transported Pilgrims to the New World

From Asia across the Bering Strait

25000 years ago

The Eskimos

6000 years ago

The Vikings from Iceland - Greenland

1000

English seaman John Cabot reach the Newfoundland

1497

French explorer company

1608-1642

British Trade Company

1670

French-Indian War

1754

Indigenous Australia

A pioneer settler family

British Settlement and Colonization

26 January 1788

The Discovery of Gold

1850

Colonial self-government

1855

Australian soldiers in Egypt

Settled by Polynesians

700 years ago

First European explorer

1642

European settlements

1815

British sovereignty

1787

Treaty of Waitangi,

European colonies in island

1839

Colonial period

Since 1840

Establishing first Liberal Government

1893

United Kingdom

The USA

Canada

Australia

New Zealand

Norman English

Free from French

Grammar unification

Capitalism in England.

Painting of England Port

Criticism – Mercantilism

XVI-XVIII

Fight with the Spanish Armada

1588

Beginning of English colonization

1607

English Civil War

1642

Independence of Colonies

1760s

Industrial Revolution

XVIII-XIX

Colonial Period

Since XV

- Spanish

- Dutch

- French

- British

Cartoon by Benjamin Franklin

Political integration and autonomy

1750-1775

Map of the USA, 1790

Formation of the United States of America

1776-1789

Creation of British North America

1764-1837

British Lord Durham – political agitation

1837-1839

Political organization under Act of 1840

Act of Union

1840

Got internal self-government

1848

Dominion of Canada:

Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick

1^st July 1867

All provinces had become part of the central government

1912

A member of United Nation Organization

1945

World War I - II

1914-1917

1940-1945

Great Depression

1930s

Separate from Australia

1907

Depression

1930s

Second World War

Support of GB and the USA

United Kingdom

The USA

Canada

Australia

New Zealand

English troops in Africa

I – II World Wars

1914-1917

1939-1945

Cold War with Soviet Union

Support the USA in a most ways

- Antiterrorism

- Economic

- Political

Foundation of American government

Western Expansion

1789-1849

The Union: blue, yellow, gray;

The Confederacy: brown

Civil War era

1849-1865

Rise of Industrialization

1865-1890

Great Depression

1929-1935

Douglas MacArthur lands at the Battle of Leyte

Post-war

A member of NATO

1949

Canada’s first Bill of Rights is signed

1960

Canada maintains its position in NATO and is one of the so-called G-7 countries. (The G-7 group of Germany, France, the USA, the UK, Japan, Italy and Canada meet regularly to develop major economy)

United Kingdom

The USA

Canada

Australia

New Zealand

World War II

1941-1945

The Cold War

1945-1991

Atomic bombing of Nagasaki

Nuclear Weapon

1945

Terror Acts of 11^th of September 2001

Fight against World Terrorism

Since 2001

First black president – Barak Obama

May 2009