- •T he definition of a computer
- •5. Describe the computer you use. Speaking english
- •6. Read and reproduce the dialogue.
- •7. Read the story and answer the questions. Saying Good-bye
- •Grammar exercises
- •8. Remember the word-combinations with the indefinite article and make up your own sentences with them:
- •9. Remember the word-combinations with the definite article and make up your own sentences with them:
- •10. Remember the word-combinations without any article and make up your own sentences with them:
- •11. Complete the sentences with articles where necessary:
- •12. Complete the sentences with articles where necessary:
- •The use of a computer
- •5. Describe how you use a computer. Speaking english
- •6. Read and reproduce the dialogue.
- •7. Practice the dialogue with your friend.
- •Grammar exercises
- •12. Put the sentences into the plural form:
- •13. Paraphrase the following using the Possessive case:
- •14. Paraphrase the following word-combinations:
- •Invention and automation
- •5. Tell your friends about your ideas of invention and automation history. Speaking english
- •6. Read the story.
- •Making Acquaintance
- •7. Answer the following questions:
- •Grammar exercises
- •8. Complete the sentences using the correct form of the adjectives in brackets:
- •9. Complete the sentences using the correct form of the adjectives in brackets:
- •10. Answer the following questions:
- •11. Paraphrase the following sentences using as…as, not so … as, not as…as:
- •12. Translate into English:
- •Programming
- •Tell your friends what you know about the history of programming. Speaking english
- •Read and reproduce the dialogue.
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Rather Late
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Grammar exercises
- •13. Write in words what time it is:
- •14. Write in words:
- •16. Read and write the following dates:
- •17. Answer the following questions:
- •Computer program
- •1. Find the English equivalents in the text:
- •2. Translate the following terms and terminological expressions:
- •3. Ask your friends to answer the following questions:
- •4. Match the definitions to the notions:
- •Speaking english
- •6. Give the examples illustrating the following proverbs:
- •7. Read the text and form five questions on it. The National Passion
- •Grammar exercises
- •8. Insert personal pronouns in the necessary case:
- •9. Put in the missing possessive pronouns:
- •10. Complete the sentences by adding reflexive pronouns:
11. Complete the sentences with articles where necessary:
Swift, … famous English writer, was travelling one day on … horseback with his servant. … weather was bad, it was raining, and … roads were muddy. In … evening the two men came to … inn. Before going to … bed Swift told his servant to clean his boots. But … servant was lazy and did not do it. In … morning Swift asked … servant why he had not cleaned … boots. “What’s … use cleaning … bouts now?” said … servant. “… roads are muddy, and … boots will soon be dirty again.” “All right,” said … writer. “Let’s go. We must continue … journey.” “But I haven’t had … breakfast,” said … displeased servant. “Well, what’s … use giving you … breakfast now?” said Swift. “You will soon be hungry again.”
12. Complete the sentences with articles where necessary:
… English king Richard the Lion Heart was … tall, strong man. He was very proud of his strength and liked to show … people how strong he was. Once, as he was riding on … horseback in … countryside, his horse lost … shoe. Luckily he was not far from … village and soon he found … blacksmith. “Give me … good horseshoe”, he said to … man. … blacksmith gave … king … horseshoe. Richard took it in his hand and broke it in two. “This horseshoe is no good”, he said, “give me … better one.” … blacksmith did not say … word. He gave … king … other horseshoe, but Richard broke it too. … blacksmith gave him a third shoe. This time Richard was satisfied and odered … blacksmith to shoe his horse. When … work was done, Richard offered … man … coin. … blacksmith took … coin between his fingers and broke it in two. Now it was Richard’s turn to be surprised. He took … larger coin out of his pocket and handed it to … blacksmith. … man broke it too, saying: “This coin is no good, give me … better one.” Richard smiled and gave … man … gold coin.
Lesson 2
The use of a computer
Computers can be designed to do anything with information. Computers are used to control factories, which in the past were controlled by humans. They are also in homes, where they are used for things such as listening to music, reading the news, and writing.
Modern computers are electronic machines. A computer is only useful if it has both hardware and software. Hardware is the physical parts the computer is made of - for example keyboard, mouse, screen, tower (computer case). Software is the computer programs (mathematical instructions). Software uses the hardware by taking input and changing it in to useful output.
Computers are able to do billions of calculations each second. They can do mathematical arithmetic very quickly but computers do not really "think". They only follow the instructions in their software programs.
Computer programs are designed or written by computer programmers. Computer programs can be written in the computer's own language called machine code. Machine Code has only a few instructions and is based on logic and Mathematical arithmetic. Using machine code is difficult for most human programmers.
Today, programmers usually write programs using a programming language like C++, Java or BASIC. These programming languages can be translated into machine code later using a program called a compiler.
Find the English equivalents in the text:
Бути розробленим, використовуватися для контролю, слухати музику, бути здатним виконувати, виконувати інструкції, базуватися на арифметиці, бути перекладеним на машинний код.
Translate the following words and word-combinations:
Hardware, software, keyboard, mouse, screen, tower, to take input, useful output, computer's own language, compiler.
Answer the following questions:
What are computers used for?
What is hardware?
What is software?
How does software use hardware?
Whoa are computer programs designed by?
What is machine code based on?
What is compiler?
Match the definitions to the notions:
Hardware |
a sequence of instructions, written to perform a specified task with a computer |
Software |
an artificial language designed to communicate instructions to a machine, particularly a computer |
Tower |
the oldest and most elementary branch of mathematics, used very popularly, for tasks ranging from simple day-to-day counting to advanced science and business calculations |
Compiler |
a set of instructions executed directly by a computer's central processing unit (CPU) |
Program |
any set of machine-readable instructions (most often in the form of a computer program) that directs a computer's processor to perform specific operations |
Machine Code |
a computer program (or set of programs) that transforms source code written in a programming language (the source language) into another computer language |
Arithmetic |
the collection of physical elements that comprise a computer system |
Programming Language |
the enclosure that contains most of the components of a computer |