N ational wearing
For centuries, Kazakh national clothes were simple and rational. It was characterized by common forms for all segments of the population, but with a certain social and age regulations. Elegance to dresses was given by fur trim, embroidery and jewelry. Traditional materials for the clothes were leather, fur, thin felt, cloth, which was produced by the local population. Clothes sewn from imported materials - silk, brocade, velvet. Cotton was also widely used.
National clothes of Kazakh women
Headwear of Kazakh women, similar to many other nationalities, was also a kind of indicator of their marital status. Headwear of married women differed in different tribal groups, but girls' headwear was comparatively similar throughout the territory of Kazakhstan. Girls used to wear hats of two types: skull cap (Takiya) and a warm hat (Borik), decorated with otter, fox or beaver fur. A tuft of owl feather was often sewed to the top of takiya for decoration purposes, which also played a role of a talisman. Gimp, tassels, gold embroidery and even silver coins were also used for decoration.
Kazakh women's national bridal headwear Saukele, which is a high (70 cm) conical hat, is of particular importance. The most expensive of them were evaluated in a hundred selected horses. Saukele was a mandatory part of girl’s dowry, and was prepared long before the girls reached the age of marriage, together with a wedding gown, which was often made of expensive fabric, usually red coloured. Bride was supposed to wear a saukele during the wedding ceremony, then it was worn on holidays for some time after the marriage.
N ational clothes of Kazakh men
Kazakh men used to wear different skullcaps (takiya), summer and winter hats. Summer hat - kalpak was sewed from thin felt, mostly white, and had a specific ancient cut. Borik and tymak were worn in winter. Tymak is a warm winter hat with earflaps and neck flaps made from fox, which is popular among Kazakh men even nowadays. Bashlyk is another national headwear, made of camel cloth, which was supposed to be worn on top of other hats, to protect from dust, sun, rain and snow.
Men's clothing consisted of the following components: Double under vest (zheyde), lower pants - made of light fabric and the upper - of cloth, suede, sheepskin or thick cotton fabric. From the early ages, when the Kazakhs used to go horseback riding, trousers were a necessary and important part of their clothing.
The main type of outer clothing for men was shapan, a kind of robe. People's clothing is constantly being targeted by fashion designer. Contemporary clothing, created using national motives, is always original and unique.
Exercise 6. Give the main idea of the text.
Exercise 7. Choose the most natural-sounding response.
1. He was wearing a ______ shirt.
a) dirty old flannel
b) flannel old dirty
c) old dirty flannel 2. Pass me the ________ cups.
a) plastic big blue
b) big blue plastic c) big plastic blue 3. All the girls fell in love with the ________ teacher.
a) handsome new American
b) American new handsome c) new handsome American
4. I used to drive ________ car.
a) a blue old German
b) an old German blue c) an old blue German
5. He recently married a ________ woman. a) young beautiful Greek
b) beautiful young Greek c) beautiful Greek young
Exercise 8. You are going to give a concert for the 1st year students. You need some costumes. You’ll have to order to sew new costumes. Write a request letter – how many costumes do you need, what size, when is the deadline, and e.t.c.
1. Choose the right variant.
She is very _____. She always wears the latest fashions.
a) old-fashioned
b) scruffy
c) rough
d) trendy
2. Choose the right variant. _______ are famous for drinking tea.
a) English
b) The English
c) A English
d) The Englishs
3. Choose the right variant. We’ve got a ___ ___ ____ just outside Bath.
a) lovely old cottage
b) cottage lovely old
c) old lovely cottage
d) lovely cottage old
4. Put the adjectives in brackets in the right place.
I bought a ____ ______ ____ belt.
a) Italian a leather beautiful
b) leather Italian a beautiful
c) a beautiful leather Italian
d) a beautiful Italian leather