References

Main:

1. Clive Oxenden. New English File. Upper-Intermediate level. Student’s book. Oxford University Press. 2009.

2. Clive Oxenden. New English File. Upper- Intermediate level. Work book. Oxford University Press. 2009.

3. Brian Abbs & Ingrid Freebairn. Blueprint. Upper-Intermediate. Student’s book. Longman, 2002.

Additional:

3. John and Liz Soars. New Headway. Upper- Intermediate level. Student’s book. Oxford University Press, 2008.

4. John and Liz Soars. New Headway. Upper- Intermediate level. Work book. Oxford

Hand out №117

Discipline: English as a foreign language Credits: 2

Upper- Intermediate level Practical lesson

Lexical theme: The call of the wild.

Grammatical theme: Passive construction with say, believe.

Teacher: assistant professor Karybayeva G.A.

GRAMMAR COMMENT Passive construction with say, believe [3]

Passive construction with say, believe.

Sentence in the pattern of:

“People say/think/consider/believe/know(that)…” = have 2 passive forms.’

Example: * People say (that) Messi is a good soccer player. * Passive Voice: "It is said (by people) (that) Messi is a good soccer player." OR "Messi is said (by people) to be a good soccer player."

* People say (that) Maradona was a good soccer player. * Passive Voice: "It is said (by people) (that) Maradona was a good soccer player." OR "Maradona is said (by people) to have been a good soccer player." * People said (that) Maradona was a good soccer player. * Passive Voice: "It was said (by people) (that) Maradona was a good soccer player." OR "Maradona was said (by people) to be a good soccer player."

What’s the difference in the meanings?

1 A twelve-year old bird captured fourteen wolves in a single day.

2 A twelve-year old bird is believed to have captured fourteen wolves in a single day.

If you are not sure of the truth of a statement, one of these passive constructions with say, think, believe, suppose or consider can be used.

Ÿ It + passive + that clause

It is said that a trained eagle is worth twelve horses.

Ÿ a subject + passive + infinitive with to

The American condor (a type of vulture) is believed to be almost extinct.

A twelve-year old bird is believed to have captured fourteen wolves in a single day.

Rephrase the sentences below with an appropriate passive construction.

1. People say that one elephant is killed every minute of the day. (It is …)

2. The common belief is that the rhinoceros will be extinct in fifty years’ time. (It …)

3. Many people think that bears are gentle animals but they can be quite aggressive. (Bears…)

4. From what I hear, people say Nepal is a very beautiful country. (Nepal …)

5. A lot of people nowadays consider fox-hunting to be very cruel. (Fox- hunting nowadays…)

Warming up

Before you read. What forms of hunting are popular in your country?

Exercise 1. Read and translate the 2d paragraph of the text.