References

Main:

1. Clive Oxenden and Christina Latham-Koenig. New English File. Upper-Intermediate Students Book. Oxford 2010.

2. Clive Oxenden and Christina Latham-Koenig. New English File. Upper-Intermediate Workbook. Oxford 2010.

Additional:

3. Michael Harris, David Mower and Anna Sikorzynska. New Opportunities Upper-Intermediate Student’s Book.

2008.

4. Annette Capel and Wendy Sharp. Objective FCE. Upper – Intermediate Student’s book. Cambridge 2008.

HAND OUT №97
Discipline: English as a foreign language Credits: 2
Upper-intermediate level	Practical lesson
Lexical theme: Masterpiece of engineering art.
Grammatical theme: Adverbs and adverbial phrases.
Teacher: assistant professor Karybayeva A.S.

E xercise 1. Look at the pictures and match the following masterpieces of engineering art with the names:

Empire State building______.	Dynamic tower______.
Petronas Twin Tower______.	Burj Khalifa_______.

A B C D

E xercise 2. Discuss on the given themes:

1. What are the ways and means by which the artist’s painting is revealed and estimated?

2. The best way to get understanding and enjoyment of art is to view many paintings.

3. Great works of art seem to look different every time one stands before them.

E xercise 3. Read and make up your own questions about the text “Low buildings”[5].

With low buildings the variety of possible shapes is much greater than with taller buildings. In addition to the familiar box shapes, which is also used in very tall buildings, low buildings may use cathedral-like forms, vault, or domes. A simple single-story structure might consist of a reinforced-concrete slab laid directly on the ground , exterior manor walls supported by the slab (or by a spread footing cast continuously around the perimeter of the building ), and a roof. For low building, the use of interior columns between masonry load-bearing walls is still the most common construction method. Spaced columns supported by the slab or by individual spread footing may be used, however; in that case the exterior walls can be supported by or hung between the columns. If the roof span is short, abutting planking made of wood, steel, concrete, or other material can be used to form the roof structure. Each structural material has a particular weight-to-strength ratio, cost and durability. As a general rule, the greater the roof span, the more complicated the structure supporting the roof becomes and the narrower the range of suitable materials. Depending on the length of the span, the roof may have one-way framing beams or two- way framing (beams supported on larger girders spanning the largest dimension). Trusses can be substituted for either method. Trusses, which can be less than 30 cm (12 in) or more than 9 m (30ft) deep, are formed by assembling tension and compression members in various triangular patterns.

They are usually made of timber or steel, but reinforced concrete may be used. The structure of a simple one-story building may also consist of the wall and roof framing combined by being either fastened together or shaped in one piece . The possible structural shapes are almost infinite and include the three sides of a rectangle fastened together into a unit called a bent, the familiar church form of vertical sides and sloping roof, the parabola and the semicircle or dome. The supporting structure and exterior walls, floor, and roof may also be made as a unified whole, much like a rectangular pipe with closed or open ends. These may be cast in reinforced plastic.

E xercise 4. Translate the text without dictionary.

E xercise 5. Listen and fill in the spaces “New Century Global Center” [6, Part III, p.167]

China is (1) ________________________ collection of the biggest things in the world. The latest addition is the world's largest building. It is called the New Century Global Center (2) ________________________ in Chengdu, Sichuan province, in China's southwest. It is 500 meters long, 400 meters (3) ________________________. The area inside covers an amazing 1.76 million square meters. The (4) ________________________ Sydney Opera Houses could fit inside. It is almost three times the size of the Pentagon in Washington, D.C. It took thousands (5) _________________________ to build the enormous structure. The center is an important part of plans to make Chengdu a 21st-century city. It (6) ________________________, "Chengdu – Can Do".

The inside of the center is almost (7) ________________________. There are around 400,000 square meters of shopping space, a 15-screen IMAX movie theater complex and (8) ________________________ to hold international competitions. There are also offices, hotels, a replica Mediterranean village and a water park. (9) ________________________ will attract business and tourists from across China and the world. It is all (10) ________________________ put Chengdu on the global map. Around 14 million people currently live in the city, but that is set to increase. The   (11) ________________________ investment and is one of China's most important industrial regions. The area is (12) ________________________ largest giant panda nature reserve.

E xercise 6. Answer the questions according to the text

1. What is China building a collection of?

2. How many times bigger than the Pentagon is it?

3. How much shopping space is inside the building?

4. What is big enough for international competitions?

5. What is there a copy of inside the building?

G RAMMAR COMMENT