Тема 1.2 “Пам‘ятки історії та культури Лондона”

Ex. I Read and memorize the following words.

Gradually – поступово

Silent – мовчазний

Royal – королівський

Fortress – фортеця

Raven – ворон

Chimes – дзвони, куранти

Chimney - димар

To scatter – розкидати

Ex. II Read and translate the text.

London, the capital

L ondon is the capital of the United Kingdom. It is one of the largest cities in the world. More than 8 million people live in Greater London.

London was first built on two low hills on the banks of the Thames. After the Romans left Britain in the 5^th century, London became an important place. It was a great trading centre. In the 11^th century William the Conqueror made London his capital. The Great Fire of London in 1666 de­stroyed many wooden houses and dirty streets. Gradually Lon­don began to grow. The villages around it grew. They became towns. The towns grew into a large area of houses, shops and factories which now form Greater London.

The oldest part of London is the City. It is the business centre of London. During the day it is full of people, but at the end of the day the people go home and the City becomes silent and almost empty.

B y the Thames is the Tower of London, one of the oldest and most famous buildings in Britain. It used to be a royal palace, a fortress and a prison. Now it is open for visitors. It is an old tradition to keep ravens in the Tower. Charles II said in 1631 that if the ravens ever left the Tower, it would mean the end of England. A special guard is kept to give them food and look after them.

T he Houses of Parliament are in the part of London called the City of Westminster. They stand on the north side of the Thames. Here you can listen to the chimes of Big Ben, one of the biggest bells in the world. If you stand be­side the Houses of Parliament you can look down the street called Whitehall. Here are the main government offices. Near Whitehall is a narrow street called Downing Street. The Prime Minister lives at N_o 10 Downing Street. The Queen lives in Buckingham Palace, but there are other royal palaces in London too.

T he architecture of London streets is a mixture of old and new. The buildings are of different height and styles. On the roofs you will see a lot of chimney pots. The view of the great historic buildings is the most beautiful if it is seen from a bridge. There are fifteen bridges over the River Thames.

L ondon has more theatres and concert halls, more pic­ture galleries and museums, than any other city in Britain. The British Museum, for instance, has a wonderful art col­lection. It is also one of the most famous and important li­braries in the world. The National Gallery, which is in the very centre of London, houses the works by almost all the greatest European painters. The Tate Gallery has two sec­tions: the British school from the 18^th century, and modern foreign schools (since 1850).

London is also Britain’s largest port, a national and in­ternational, commercial and financial centre and a major in­dustrial area.

London does not at first, look like an industrial city. In­dustry has moved out of London, especially during the last twenty years. Factories are scattered in the older city districts, where they are often surrounded by streets of small houses. Factories built 40 or 50 years ago are about 16 kilometres from the center of the city.

Ex. III Answer the following questions.

1. What is the capital of the United Kingdom?

2. How many people live in London?

3. Where was London first built?

4. When did London become an important place?

5. Who made London his capital? When did he do it?

6. What happened in 1666?

7. What is the oldest part of London?

8. What is the Tower of London?

9. What is it used to be before?

10. What is it now?

11.What is the old tradition connected with the Tower?

12.Where is the House of Parliament?

13.What can you listen here?

14.What is Big Ben?

15.Where are the main government offices?

16.Where does the Prime Minister live?

17.Where does the Queen live?

18.What is the architecture of London?

19.What can you say about the buildings in London?

20.How many bridges are there over the river Thames?

21.What can you say about the British Museum?

22.Where is the National Gallery? What can you say about it?

23.How many sections does the Tate Gallery have?

24.What are they?

25.Does London look like an industrial city?

26.In what districts are the factories scattered?

27.Where were factories built 40 or 50 years ago?

Ex. IV Complete the sentences, using the text, translate them.

1. London is the capital of...

2. In ... William the Conqueror made London his capital. 3. ... in 1666 destroyed many wooden houses and dirty streets.

4. The oldest part of London is...

5. During the day it is full of..., but at the end of the day the ... go home and the

City becomes ... and almost...

6. By the Thames is...

7. It used to be a ..., a ... , and a ... .

8. Now it is open for...

9. It is an old tradition to keep...

10. The Houses of Parliament stand on...

11. Big Ben is one of the biggest ... in the world.

12. Near Whitehall is a narrow street called ...

13. The Queen lives in ...

14. The Prime Minister lives ...

15. The view of... is the most beautiful if it is seen from a bridge.

16. There are ... bridges over the river... 17. … has a wonderful art collection.

18. It is also one of the most famous and important ... in the world.

19. … has two sections.

20. London is also Britain’s...

21. … are scattered in the older city districts.

Ex. V Fill in the gaps, using the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.

1. London (to be) the capital of the UK.

2. More than 8 mln. people (to live) in Greater London.

3. London (to build) first on two low hills on the banks of the Thames. In the 5^th

century London (to become) an important place.

4. It (to be) a great trading centre.

5. The Houses of Parliament (to be) in the part of Lon­don called the City of

Westminster

6. They (to stand) on the north side of the Thames.

7. Here you can (to listen) to the chimes of Big Ben.

8. The architecture of London streets (to be) a mixture of old and new.

9. London (to have) more theatres and concert halls, more picture galleries and

museums, than any other British city.

Ex. VI Match the endings of the sentences.

1) More than 8 mln. peo­ple

1. In the 11^th century

2. In 1666

3. The oldest part of Lon­don is

4. Charles II said in 1631 that if

5. You can look down the street called Whitehall

6. The Queen lives

7. The Prime Minister lives

9) The British Museum

10. The National Gallery

11. The Tate Gallery has two sections:

a) the City.

b) in Buckingham Palace.

c) live in Greater London.

d) William the Conqueror made London his capital.

e) if you stand beside the Houses of Parliament.

f) has a wonderful art collec­tion.

g) the Great Fire destroyed many wooden houses.

h) houses the works by almost all the greatest European painters.

i) the ravens ever left the Tower, it would mean the end of England.

j) at No 10 Downing street.

k) the British school and mo­dern foreign schools.

Ex. VII Answer the questions, using the prompt.

1) What is the capital of the UK?

2) What destroyed London in 1666?

3) What is the oldest part of London?

4. What has one of the big­gest bells

in the world?

4. What is one of the old­est and

most famous buildings in Britain?

4. Where does the Queen live?

5. What can you see on the roofs of

buildings?

4. What are the two sec­tions of the Tate

Gal­lery?

4. What has moved out of London,

especially during the last 20 years?

a) Buckingham Palace

b) the Tower of London

c) chimney pots

d) the British school and modern

foreign school

e) industry

f) the Great Fire of London

g) the National Gallery

h) London

i) Big Ben

j) the City

4. What gallery houses the works

by almost all the greatest European

painters?

Ex. VIII Match the Ukrainian equivalents with the English words and word-

combinations.

1. trading center

2. wooden houses

3. gradually

4. silent

5. royal palace

6. fortress

7. prison

8. raven

9. special guard

10. chimes of Big Ben

11. narrow street

12. mixture of old and new style

13. chimney

14. industrial area

15. scattered

a) фортеця

b) дзвони Biг Бена

c) торговий центр

d) королівський палац

e) дерев'яні будинки

f) димар

g) розкиданий

h) в'язниця

i) особлива охорона

j) промислова зона

k) змішання старого та нового

стилів

l) поступово

m) вузька вулиця

n) ворон

o)мовчазний

Ex. IX Translate the following sentences into English.

1. Лондон вперше був побудований на двох берегах річки Темза.

2. Це був великий торговий центр.

3. Велика пожежа в Лондоні у 1666 зруйнувала багато дерев'яних будинків.

4. Існує стара традиція — тримати воронів у вежі.

5. Архітектура Лондонських вулиць — це поєднання старої та нової

архітектури.

6. Великі історичні будівлі мають найкращий вигляд з моста.

7. Спочатку Лондон не був схожим на промислове місто.

Лекція № 3

Тема “Країнознавчі відомості про Україну”

Ex. I Read and translate new words and word-combinations.

identity — ідентичність, автентичність

immortality — безсмерття, вічність

medieval — середньовічний

powerful — сильний, могутній

prominent — відомий, видатний

rebirth — відродження

spear — спис

to date back — сходити

to predominate — панувати, переважати

to remain — залишатись

to seek — шукати, прагнути

trident — тризуб

Universe — космос, всесвiт

welfare — добробут

widespread — широкорозповсюдженість

church - церква

in honour of – на честь

landscape – пейзаж

prosperity - процвітати

Ex. II Listen to the text.

The official name of our country is Ukraine. It is a sovereign state. It has its own territory, division, higher and local bodies of power, government, national emblem, state flag and anthem.

Ukraine is located in the south-eastern part of Central Europe. The geographical centre of Europe is located near the town of Rakhiv in Zakarpatska Region. Ukraine is one of the largest coun­tries of Europe. Its area is about 603.7 thousand square kilometers. Ukraine borders on the Russian Federation in the east and north-east, on Poland, Slovakia, Hungary and Rumania in the west, on Moldova the south-west and on Belarus in the north. The geographical position of Ukraine is favourable for its relations with countries of Europe and with countries all over the world.

The population of Ukraine is about 52 million people. The representatives of more than 110 nationalities and ethnic groups live in our country. Ukrainians make up 75 per cent of the population. The national (official) language of our country is Ukrainian. The national monetary unit is hrivnya.

The Ukrainian Flag consists of two horizontal fields: blue and yellow. They seem to remind that there are two very important things for people: the peaceful blue sky and stands of yellow ripened wheat, as the symbol of wel­fare of our nation. The combination of the blue and yellow colours dates back to pre-Christian times.

T hey predominated on the flags of the Kyivan Rus and were prominent during the Cossack age.

The national emblem of Ukraine is a gold trident on an azure background. In ancient times it was the dynastic coat of arms of the Kyivan princes. It is derived from three spears of the sea god, Poseidon, put since Christianity it has symbolized the Holy Trinity.

With the blue-and-yellow flag for many years the trident sym­bolized the aspirations of the Ukrainian people for freedom and independence.

In 1992 after the restoration of Ukrainian independence, the Supreme Council of Ukraine accepted the trident as the main ele­ment of the official emblem of our state. It was proved once more by the Constitution of Ukraine, adopted in 1996. So nowadays the trident is the essential part of the Little State Emblem (the Sign of Volodymyr State), which is the main element of the Big State Emblem.

T he plant-symbol. The symbol of “Kalyna” is associated with re­birth, the Universe, the fiery trinity of the Sun, Moon and stars. It takes its name from the old name for the Sun-Kolo. The berries of the kalyna are red and they symbolize blood and immortality.