Тема 1.2 “Історія та сьогодення Лондона”
Ex. I Read and memorize the following words.
Harrods - Харродз, один iз найбільш фешенебельних i дорогих універсальних магазинів Лондона
Danish - датський
get sb to do sth - змусити кого-н. зробити що-н.
William the Conqueror - Вільгельм Завойовник, герцог Нормандський
plague - чума
fire - пожежа
Ex. II Read and translate the text.
Every year, more than nine million people come from countries all over the world to visit London. They go to the theatres and museums; they look at interesting old buildings, many of them hundreds of years old; they sit or walk in die beautiful parks, or have a drink in a pub.
They go to Oxford Street to look at the shops, or to Harrods. Two million visitors go to the Tower of London. A million more go to see St Paul’s Cathedral.
Yes, London is a big and beautiful city with lots to see and do.
But how did it all begin...?
T
he
name London comes from the Romans. There were people living here
before they came, but we do not know very much about them.
The Romans came to England in AD 43. They built houses and other buildings and made a town next to the River Thames. They called the town Londinium. They built a bridge over the river, and ships came up to Londinium from the sea. The town got bigger and bigger. Important new buildings went up, and you can see some of the Roman city wall today, near the Museum of London.
It was a rich town with about 50,000 people living in it. But soon after AD 400, the Romans left Londinium to go back to Rome, and nobody lived in the town for many hundreds of years. The buildings began to fall down.
Danish soldiers destroyed more buildings nearly five hundred years later. King Alfred was king of England then. He got the Danes to leave London and his men built the town again.
I
n
1066, William the Conqueror came to England from France to be
king. Soon after, he began to build the Tower of London.
When Henry the Eighth was king in 1509, 50,000 people lived in London again. By the year 1600, there were 200,000, but a lot of them lived in old and dirty buildings. In 1665, 100,000 people died from an illness called the plague. This was called the year of ’The Great Plague’.
A year later, in 1666, there was a big fire — The Fire of London. It began in a house in Pudding Lane, near London Bridge. More than a quarter of a million Londoners lost their homes in the fire. It destroyed St Paul’s Cathedral and eighty-eight other churches. But the fire also destroyed most of the worst old buildings, and the new houses that went up after this were better for people to live in.
A new St Paul’s Cathedral was built between 1675 and 1711.
By 1881, more than three million people lived in London. Today, more than six million people live here. There were eight million in the 1960s, but in the 1970s and 1980s, people moved out of the centure of London.
Ex. III Answer the following questions.
1. Has many people do come to visit London every year?
2. Do people all over the would come to visit London?
3. Where do they go?
4. What do they look at the theatre and museums?
5. Are interesting building of London very old? How old are they?
6. What do visitors do in parks and in a tub?
7. Is London big and beautiful city with lots to see and do?
8. What does the name London come from?
9. Do we know very much about people living in London before they come?
10. When did the Romans come to England?
11. Where did they make a town?
12. How did they call the town?
13. What did they build over the river?
14. Can we see some of the Roman city wall today?Where can we see it?
15. How many people did live in Londinium?
16. When did the Romans leave Londinium?
17. Who was the king of England?
18. Who built the town again?
19. When was King Alfred king of England?
20. A lot of buildings were old and dirty in 1600, weren’t they?
21. Why did people die in 1665?
22. Why was the year of ‘The Great Plague” call so?
23. What was in 1660?
24. Where did a big fire begin?
25. What did a big fire destroy?
26. How many peple do live in London today?
Ex. IV Complete the following sentences.
1. London is a big and beautiful city with ….
2. The name London comes from ….
3. … came to England in AD 43.
4. The Romans made a town next to the ….
5. The Romans called the town ….
6. We can see some of the Roman city wall today, near ….
7. It was a rich town with about … living in it.
8. After AD 400, the Romans left … to go back to ….
9. … was a king of England in AD 900.
10. In 1066 … come to England from France to be king.
11. In 1665, 100.000 people died from ….
12. 1665 was called the year of ….
13. In 1666 there was a big fire - ….
14. A big fire began in a house in Pudding Lane, near ….
15. The Fire of London destroyed ….
16. A new St Paul’s Cathedral was built ….
17. Today … people live in London.
18. In the 1980s people moved out of the ….
Ex. V Choose the right answers.
1. The visitors go to Oxford Street
to have a drink
to look at the shops
to sit in parks
2. Two million visitors go to the
St Paul’s Cathedral
Beautiful parks
Tower of London
3. The name London comes from the
Romans
Danish
French
4. The Romans came to England in
AD 45
AD 40
AD 43
5. The Romans called the town
London
Londin
Londinium
6. In AD 400 London was a rich town with about … people living in it.
50.000
200.000
100.000
7. In 1066, … came to England from France to be king.
Henry the Eighth
Alfred
William the Conqueror
8. The year of ‘The Great Plague’ was in
1600
1509
1665
9. In Fire of London was in
1665
1666
1667
10. Today … people live in London.
more than six million
six million
more then seven million
Ex. VII Match the Ukrainian equivalents with the English words and word-combinations.
1.відвідувати a) to come from
2. старі будівлі b) to be call
3. собор Святого Павла c) to fall down
4. походити від d) to visit
5. називатися e) illness
6. міст f) to destroy
7. падати g) old buildings
8. руйнувати h) dirty buildings
9. брудні будівлі i) bridge
10. хвороба j) St Paul’s Cathedral
11. чума k) plague
12. вогонь l) fire
Ex. VIII Translate the following sentences into English.
1. Багато людей з різних країн всього світу приїжджають до Лондона.
2. Приїжджі їдуть до Лондона, щоб відвідати театри та музеї.
3. Більше міліона приїжджих їдуть до собора Святого Павла.
4. Назва Лондон походить з римської.
5. Місто ставало більшим і більшим.
6. Це було багате місто з населенням біля 50.000
7. Датські солдати зруйнували місто.
8. Багато людей померло від хвороби, яка називається чума.
9. Біля 0,5 мільйона мешканців Лондона втратили свої помешкання у вогні.
10. На сьогодні у Лондоні живе більше ніж 6 мільйонів людей.
Ex. IX Match the ending of the sentences.
1. Harrods
2. London
3. Londinium
4. Thames
5. Alfred
6. William the Conqueror
7. Henry the Eighth
8. ‘The Great Plague’
9. The Fire of London
10. plague
a) is a old name of London
b) was a king of England in AD 400
c) was a king of England in 1066
d) is a year, when there is on illness called plague
e) is big and beautiful city
f) is an illness
g) is a fashionable shop of London
h) is a big fire in 1666
i) was a king of England in 1509
j) is a river of London
Практичне заняття № 22
Тема « Пам’ятки історії та культури столиці Великобританії»
Ex. I Read and learn new words by heart.
a cradle — колиска
the City — Сіті
St. Paul’s Cathedral - Собор св. Павла
Sir Christopher Wren - сер Христофор Рен
to be in session — засідати
Wertminster Abbey —Вестмінстерське абатство
a tomb — могила
Trafalgar square — Трафальгарська площа
Elegant —вишуканий
Soho —Coxo
Kensington Gardens — Кенсінгтон-Гарденз
Hyde Park – Гайд-парк
Covent Garden – Ковент- Гарден
A double-decker – двоповерховий автобус
Ex. II Read and translate the text.
LONDON
London, one of the greatest cities in the world, is the capital of Great Britain, and a cradle of British tradition and culture.
London, with a population of more than 8 million people, is the largest city in the world after Tokyo and New York. It stands on the banks of the river Thames. The historical centre of London is the City.
The City is the financial centre of the United Kingdom. Here you can find St. Paul’s Cathedral. Not tar from it is the tallest column which was built by Sir Christopher Wren in memory of the Great Fire of London in 1666. It is 61 metres high. Fleet Street is famous for the newspaper offices of the “Financial Times”, the “Daily Telegraph” and others.
The Houses of Parliament stretch along the Thames’s North Bank. The Union Jack (the flag of the U. K.) flies from Victoria Tower only when Parliament is in session. Big Ben, the famous clock, is also in one of the Houses of Parliament’s Towers. Near Parliament, in Westminster Abbey, is Poet’s Corner, containing the tombs and monuments of famous poets, writers and musicians: Chaucer, Milton, Dickens, Handel and many others.
One of the best known museums is the British Museum, with its library, reading room and collection of manuscripts. The National Gallery, which has one of the world’s greatest art collections is in Trafalgar Square. Nelson’s Column is also in this square.
The biggest department stores can be found in Oxford Street. Bond Street is famous for its elegant shops.
There are some parts of London which have distinctive features. For example, the West End is famous for fashionable shopping and entertainment centres; the East End is an industrial district; Westminster is the place for government offices; the City is a financial centre; and Soho is known for international (Greek, Italian, Indian) restaurants and many entertainments.
London has a number of fine parks and gardens, such as Kensington Gardens, Hyde Park, and Covent Garden. There are very many theaters, concert halls, and cinemas in the capital.
The world’s oldest underground railway system called the “tube”, is still one of the largest in the world. It has more than 275 stations. The famous red “doubledeckers” are also an important part of the public transport system. London, rich in history and culture, parks and shops, always welcomes its visitors.
Ex. III Answer the following questions.
What is the capital of Great Britain?
Where is London situated?
What parts does London consist of?
What can you say about the City?
What is the population of London?
Which of the parts of London is called the poorest part?
What can you say about the interesting places in the West End?
What is the oldest square in London?
What is Hyde Park famous for
What name is given to the clock of the houses of Parliament?
11.What is the London underground called?
12.What colour are most London buses?
Ex. VI Ask the questions which receive the following answers.
The population of London is 8 million.
The name of the river London stands on is the Tames.
Fleet Street is famous for its newspaper office
Ex. V Choose the correct answers.
1. Big Ben is ... in London.
a) a square b) a monument c) a lower d) a clock
2. The British Museum is famous for its ...
a) modern painting b) library c) collection of manuscripts d) reading room
3. The Tower of London is now used .as ... a) a museum b) a palace c) a prison
Ex. VI Memory Work.
Quotations
“When a man is tired of London, he is tired of life, for there is m London all that life can afford” (Samuel Johnson)
“I hope to see London before I die” (William Shakespeare, “Henry IV”)
Ex. VII Read and translate a dialogue.
A: How about a ride though London on the top of a double-decker?
O: A good idea! The best way of seeing the streets and the people.
A: Well, let’s go to the corner of Parliament street, and wait for a bus there.
Look out for the one that runs from Westminster to the Bank. O: I can see a number of buses, so how do I find the right one? Each of them
is covered with a mass of advertisements. A: Let’s ask a bobby then Constable, which of these buses goes to the Bank?
POLICEMAN: The green one, sir, on the other side. Cross over. A: Thank you.
POLICEMAN: You see these busses are known by their colours: some are green, some red. They also have the names of the places they go to in front and behind.
Практичне заняття № 23