Ex. IX Translate the following words into Ukrainian. Cornish, dialect, the British Isles, alternative, Welsh, to contain, Gaelic, Manx, complete.
Ex. X Match the Ukrainian equivalents with the English words and word-combinations.
1) the British Isles a) діалект
2) to contain b) корнуольський
3) Welsh c) альтернативний
4) Manx d) Британські острови
5) dialect e) містити
6) Gaelic f) уельський
7) alternative g) мова жителів острова Мен
8) Cornish h) гельський
9) complete i) повністю сформований
Ex. XI Look at these maps and match them with the correct phrases. Write down the names of the countries.
1
.
________ 2. _________ 3. ________ 4. _________
5._________ 6.__________
I
’m
from England. I’m English \ I’m an Englishman.I’m from Ireland. I’m Irish \ I’m an Irishman.
I’m from Wales. I’m Welsh \ I’m a Welshman.
I’m from Northern Ireland. I’m Irish.
I’m from Scotland. I’m a Scot \ I’m Scottish \ I’m a Scotsman.
I’m from Britain. I’m British.
Ex. XII Read the sentences and answer where these people come from.
1.
“I’m British, but I don’t come from
England or Wales”.
He comes from _______________
2. “Yes, I’m a citizen of the United
Kingdom, but I don’t live in Great
Britain”.
He comes from _______________
3. “This is a map of the British Isles.
I live just here. No, I’m not from
the UK!”
He comes from _______________
1.The United Kingdom 2. The British Isles
or The United Kingdom ( The United Kingdom
of Great Britain and plus the Republic of
Northern Ireland Ireland)
Практичне заняття № 15
Тема “Погода та клімат Великобританії”
Ex. I Read and memorize the following words and word-combinations.
To depend on - залежати від
Wind - вітep
To blow - віяти
To influence - впливати
To be surrounded by - бути оточеним
Moist - вологий
Mild - мякий
Strong frosts are rare - сильні морози бувають рідко
Due to - через, завдяки
Moderate - помірний
Abundance - велика кількість
Rainfall - опади у вигляді дощу
Thick fog - густий туман
Fluctuation - коливання
Coast - узбережжя
Ex. II Read and translate the text.
T
he
climate of Britain is more or less the same as that of the
north-western part of the European mainland. The popular belief
that it rains all the time in Britain is simply not true. London
gets no more rain in a year than most other major European cities,
and less than some.
The amount of rain that falls on a town in Britain depends on where it is. Generally speaking, the further west you go, the more rain you get. The mild winters mean that snow is a regular feature of the higher areas only. Occasionally, a whole winter goes by without any snow at all. The winters are in general a bit colder in the east of the country than they are in the west, while in summer, the south is slightly warmer and sunnier than the north.
Why has Britain’s climate got such a bad reputation? Perhaps it is for the same reason that British people always seem to be talking about the weather. This is its changeability. There is a saying that Britain doesn’t have a climate, it only has weather. It may not rain very much altogether, but you can never be sure of a dry day; there can be cool days in July and some quite warm days in January.
The lack of extremes is the reason why the country seems to be totally unprepared for hot or cold days. A bit of snow and a few days of frost and the trains stop working and the roads are blocked; if the thermometer goes above 27 °C, people behave as if they were in the Sahara and the temperature makes front-page headlines. These things happen so rarely that it is not worth organizing life to be ready for them.
D
ue
to the geographic location of the Great Britain (on the British
Isles) the type of the climate
is oceanic. Winters are mild and summers are cool, but long enough
to produce crops. The warmth comes from the Gulf Stream. In January
the average temperature is + 3, + 7 C, in July
+ 16, + 17 C. The prevailing winds from the ocean to the south-west
bring rainfall throughout
the year. The heaviest rainfall is on the west coasts, because of
low, mountainous
rims. Even at its lowest (about 600 mm) the rainfall is ample for
crops and grass, and over many of the islands it produces dense
forests. The total area covered by forests is
about one sixth of Great Britain. The moisture keeps the skies
rather cloudy. The sun may be obscured for several days.
The rivers of the Great Britain are abundant, and they never freeze. The main rivers are the Thames, Tyne, Number, Severn, Mersey; the biggest lakes are the Loch Lomond, Lough Neagh. A considerable area of land is covered by meadows and heaths. The favorable climate has enabled the islands to support a population which has been very large for the land area for centuries. Ample supplies of coal and iron in England, Scotland, and Wales aided the people in the 19th century to lead in developing steam power, factories and transportation. In this industrial advances they benefited from their situation as islanders.
Ex. III Answer the following questions.
Is popular belief that it rains all the time in Britain true?
What does the amount of rain that falls on a town in Britain depend on?
What do the mild winters mean?
What are winters in Great Britain?
What are summers in Great Britain?
Why has Britain’s climate got such a bad reputation?
What is there a saying about a climate and weather of Britain?
What is the type of the climate of Britain?
What is the average of the climate in summer?
How does the geographic location of the Great Britain influence its climate?
Where does the warmth come from?
What are the average summer and winter temperatures?
Is the rainfall sufficient for vegetation?
How big is the total area covered by forests? What covers the rest of territory?
Is it sunny most of the time?
What are the main British rivers and lakes?
Is the climate of Great Britain favorable for its population?
Ex. IV Fill in the blanks with the proper words.
The climate of Britain is more or less the same as that of the north western part of the European _____________(1). The popular belief that it ______________(2) all the time in Britain is simply not true. The amount of rain that ______________(3) on a town in Britain ______ (4) on where it is. Generally speaking, the further west you go, the more rain you get. The mild _______ (5) mean that snow is a regular feature of the higher areas only. Occasionally, a whole winter goes by without any (6) at all. The winters are in general a bit _________ (7) in the east of the country than they are in the west, while in summer, the south is slightly __________(8) and sunnier than the north.
Why has Britain’s climate got such a bad __________(9)? Perhaps it is for the same reason that British people always seem to be talking about the __________(10). This is its changeability. There is a saying that ____________(11) doesn’t have a climate, it only has weather. It may not rain very much altogether, but you can never be ___________(12) of a dry day; there can be cool days in July and some quite warm days in January.
The lack of extremes is the reason why the country seems to be totally unprepared for hot or cold days. A bit of snow and a few days of _________(13) and the trains stop working and the roads are blocked; if the thermometer goes ____________(14) 27 °C, people behave as if they were in the Sahara and the temperature makes front-page headlines. These things happen so________(15) that it is not worth organizing life to be ready for them.
Ex. V Translate some facts about the weather in Britain into Ukrainian.
The climate is temperate, neither very hot in summer (average temperature 15 Centigrade) no very cold in winter (average 5 Centigrade).
The weather often changes rapidly throughout the day.
There is no dry season.
The west of Britain has much more rain than the east: typically about 400 cm per year, compared to 60 cm.
Britain lies in the zone of contact between tropical and polar air. This makes its weather very complex to predict.
In summer the sunniest and warmest places in Britain are on the south coast. They get around
1700 hours of sunshine a year, compared with totals of 1100 to 1200 hours further north.
In winter, the east of Britain tends to be colder than the west.
The weather is a favourite topic of conversation in Britain.
There are at least 150 weather forecasts every week on the five main British television channels.
Ex. VI Which facts about the weather in Britain do you think are the most important for a visitor to know? Why do you think so?
Ex. VII Complete the following sentences.
1. The rivers of Great Britain …
2. London gets no more rain in a year than …
3. The amount of rain that falls on a town in Britain depends on …
4. The … you go, the more rain you get.
5. The mild winters mean that …
6. A whole winters goes by without …
7. The winters are in general … in the east of the country, than they are in the
west.
8. In summer the south is … than the north.
9. Britain doesn’t have …, it only has ….
10. There can be … days in July and some … days in January.
11. Due to the geographic location the type of the climate is …
12. The warmth comes from … of the Great Britain.
13. In January the average temperature is …, in July ….
14. The prevailing winds from the ocean to the south-west bring ….
15. The heaviest rainfall is on the west coasts, because of ….
16. The total area covered by ….
Ex. VIII Match the Ukrainian equivalents with the English words and word-
combinations.
1. отримувати дощі a) mild winters
2. кількість дощів b) warm days
3. м‘які зими c) frost
4. прохолодні зими d) to get rain
5. теплі дні e) cloudy sky
6. мороз f) rainfall
7. атмосфепні осадки g) cool days
8. середня температура h) the amount of rain
9. хмарне небо i) the average temperature
10. замерзати j) to freeze
Ex. IX Translate the following sentences into English.
1. Погода часто різко змінюється на протязі дня.
2. У Великобританії немає сухої пори року.
3. На заході Великобританії випадає більша кількість осадків ніж на сході.
4. Погода – це улюблена тема для розмови у Великобританії.
5. Річки у Великобританії ніколи не замерзають.
6. Кількісь дощів, що випадають у місті, залежить від того, де це місто
знаходиться.
7. Чим далі на захід ви поїдите, тим більше дощів ви отримаєте.
8. Популярний вираз, що у Британії весь час іде дощ – не є правдивим.
9. Якщо термометр показує вище 27оС, люди відчувають себе ніби у Сахарі.
10. Зими м‘які, а літа прохолодні.
Ex. X Think and answer the following questions.
1. What practical advice would you give to a visitor about the weather in Britain?
2. What clothes should they bring in summer? In winter?
Практичне заняття № 16
Тема “Клімат та погода Великобританії”
Ex. I Learn the new words by heart
to look like -бути схожим
it looks like rain - схоже, що буде дощ
it is cold - холодно
heavy rain - сильний дощ
at arm’s length - на відстані витягнутої руки
specific – особливий
picturesque – мальовничий
the Highlands – гори Північної Шотландії
Ex. II Read and translate the text.
CLIMATE OF GREAT BRITAIN
Great Britain is situated on the islands. It is washed by seas from all the sides. That’s why the climate and the nature of Great Britain are very specific. It is not very cold in winter and never very hot in summer.
There is no ice on the lakes and rivers in winter. It rains very often in all the seasons. The weather changes very often. Mark Twain said about America: “If you don’t like the weather in New England, just wait a few minutes”, but it is more likely to have been said about England.
Besides, Britain is famous for its fogs. Sometimes fogs are so thick that it is impossible to see anything within 2 or 3 metres.
The nature of the British Isles is picturesque. There are many rivers and very beautiful lakes, but there are no great forests on the British Isles. The mountains there are not very high, but very beautiful.
The most picturesque part of the country is Highlands in the North of Scotland. This is a region of mountains and rivers, small towns and villages.
In Wales there are also many beautiful mountains and valleys. The highest mountain in Wales is Snowdon.
Everyone who comes to England says that it looks like one great beautiful park. The Englishmen love their country and take care of it.
When two English people meet, their first words will be ‘”How do you do?” and “How are you?” After the reply “How do you do? Very well, thank you; how are you?’” they often speak about the weather.
If the day is fine, the sky is cloudless, the sun is shining brightly one of them will say, “It is lovely day; isn’t it? or “It is warm to-day, isn’t it?:: The other person will reply, “Yes, it is, It is as warm to-day as it was yesterday!” or “Its wonderful weather we are having. I hope it will keep fine.
It the day isn’t fine and it looks like rain, one of them will say, “It isn’t warm to-day, is it? “The other person will reply, “No isn’t. I think we are going to have some more rain. What is the weather like in England?
The climate in England is milder than that of other countries. The winters are warmer and the summers are cooler than those on the continent. It is never too cold or too hot there. The changes in temperature are not very great in England. That’s why weather forecasts do not give the temperature of the air.
The weather forecasts that you see below show you what kind of weather they have in England in spring, summer, autumn and winter.
In spring: Mild, dry and sunny. Rain, cloudy and warm.
In summer: Dry, cloudy and cool. Rain and showers.
In autumn: Dry, sunny periods. Fog early and late.
In winter: Strong, winds, heavy- ram. Snow, cold.
The best seasons in England are spring and summer. The nearer the summer, the warmer the sun shines. But the summer in England is not so hot as it on the continent.
The nearer the winter, the colder the days. In winter they have ail sorts of weather. Sometimes ft rains and sometimes it snows heavily, and also have fog and frost.
The two worst months in England are January and February. They get many cold, wet days one after another.
The coldest weather, when it freezes night after night and remains cold during the day, is much more pleasant than the wet weather. Nothing is more wonderful than a quick walk on such a day? The winters are never cold enough to freeze the rivers, as the ice is rather thin, they seldom skate on the rivers in England. It may snow any time from November to March. But in England in winter it rains more often than it snows. That’s Why some English people do not wear heavy overcoats but only warm raincoats.
The most typical feature of the climate in England is the thick fog that they often have in autumn and in winter. It comes often and stays for weeks together.
Ex. III Translate into English.
1. Зима В Англії тепліша, а літо холодніше, ніж в Україні. 2. Найкраща пора року в Англії весна і літо. 3. Інколи іде дощ, а інколи сильний сніг, також туман та мороз. 4. Весною погода м‘яка, суха та сонячна; іде дощ, хмарно та тепло, 5. Влітку погода суха, хмарна та прохолодна; ідуть дощі та зливи 6. Осінь - суха, сонячна пора року; туманно. 7. Взимку сильні вітри та сильним дощ, сніг та холодно.
Ex. IV Translate into Ukrainian.
1. It is getting hotter. 2. The days getting shorter. 3. It is getting dark. 4. The weather is getting warmer 5. It is getting colder.
Ex. V What do we call the weather when.
it rains, it snows, it is hot, there is a tog, there is a frost, there are clouds?
Ex. VI Answer the f following questions.
1. Why are the climate and the nature of Great Britain very specific?
2. Does it often rain?
3. What did Mark Twain say about the weather of America?
4. What can you say about the British fogs?
5. What are the most picturesque places on the British Isles?
6. What do English people speak, when they meet?
7. What is the climate in winter?
8. What are the best seasons m England and why?
9. What are the worst month ш England and why?
10. What is the climate m autumn?
11. Do you like the climate of England? Why?
Ex. VII Ask the questions which receive the following answers.,
It rains here very often. It is snowing now. It looks like rain.
Ex. VIII Ask your friend
if the climate m England is milder than that of other country.
why weather forecasts do not give the temperature of the air in. England?
if there is much snow in. England
if there is much snow in England
if the rivers freeze in England in winter
why the rivers do not freeze in England-m winter
Практичне заняття № 17
Тема “Політичний устрій Великобританії”
Ex. I Read and memorize the following words.
hereditary— спадковий
constituency— виборчий округ
vote— голос
environment— довкілля
chancellor— канцлер
exchequer— казначейство, державна скарбниця
the Chancellor of the Exchequer—міністр фінансів
finance— фінанси
responsible— відповідальний
merely— тільки, просто
to debate— обговорювати
bill — законопроект
to suggest— пропонувати
to sign— підписувати
be responsible for — відповідати за
unfair— несправедливий
Ex. II Read and translate the text.