Indicate the names of the islands and parts of the country, oceans and

seas, mountain and rivers.

Практичне заняття № 10

Тема “Географічне положення Великобританії ”

Ex. I Read and memorize the following words.

plain – рівнина

navigable – судноплавний

loch – озеро

mild – м‘який

due – обумовлений

Ex. II Read and translate the text.

The British Isles consist of two large islands, Great Brit­ain and Ireland, and more than 5,000 smaller islands.

The British Isles are divided into two independent states: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland (the Irish Republic).

Britain or Great Britain is England, Scotland and Wales. Northern Ireland is sometimes called the province of Ulster. It also belongs to Great Britain.

The Republic of Ireland is southern Ireland. It is inde­pendent and has its own government in Dublin, the capital of the republic.

London is the capital of the United Kingdom or Britain. Edinburgh is the capital of Scotland, Cardiff of Wales and Belfast of Northern Ireland.

Great Britain can be divided into two parts: lowland Brit­ain and highland Britain. Lowland Britain is in the south-east and highland Britain is in the north-west. The Highlands of Scotland are the highest mountains in the British Isles. The highest peak in the Highlands is Ben Nevis (1,343 m.). Snowdown is the highest mountain in Wales. Lowland Britain is a rich plain. There are many hills there, but they are never higher than 300 m.

British rivers are not very long but they are deep. Big ships can enter ports at some distance from the coast. In the south of England the Thames (336 km.) is navigable for big ships as far as the city of London.

Lakes are found in the Lake District in England and in the Highlands of Scotland, where they are called lochs. Loch Ness, which is one of the largest lakes in Scotland, is famous for the “Loch Ness monster”. In Great Britain there are about 4,000 km. of navigable canals.

Woods make up only about 8 per cent of the territory of Britain. At one time oak forests covered the greater part of lowland Britain, but there are only a few oak forests left.

Britain is very rich in coal. Natural gas and oil have been discovered in the British sector of the North Sea.

Britain has mild winters, not very hot summers and a lot of rain all the year round. The mild climate is due to the warm Gulf Stream flowing from the Gulf of Mexico to west­ern Europe.

Ex. III Answer the following questions.

1. What parts do the British Isles consist of?

2. How many independent states are there on the British Isles?

3. What can you say about the Republic of Ireland?

4. What is the capital of the United Kingdom of Britain?

5. What is the capital of Scotland?

6. What is the capital of Wales?

7. What is the capital of Northern Ireland?

1. What is the highest peak in the Highlands of Scotland?

8. What can you say about lowland Britain and highland Britain?

10. Are there rivers in Great Britain?

11. How long is the river Thames?

12. Where can we find lakes in Britain?

10. What is the name of the lake in Scotland which is fa­mous for its monster?

10. How many canals are there in Great Britain?

11. Are there any oak forests in Britain?

12. Why are winters mild in Britain?

Ex. IV Put questions on these sentences, using different types of questions.

1. The British Isles consist of two large islands, Great Britain and Ireland.

1. Ireland is sometimes called the province of Ulster.

2. The highest peak in the Highlands is Ben Nevis.

3. Big ships can enter ports at some distance from the coast.

2. Lakes are found in the Lake District in England and in the Highlands of Scotland.

3. At one time oak forests covered the greater part of lowland Britain.

Ex. V Complete the sentences, using the text, translate them.

1. The British Isles consist of...

2. Britain or Great Britain is...

3. The Republic of Ireland is independent...

4. London is...

5. Edinburgh is...

6. Lowland Britain is in ...

7. ... are the highest mountains in the British Isles.

8. ... are not long but they are very deep.

9. ... is famous for the “Loch Ness monster”.

10. ... was more than 57,411 million.

11. ... are rural dwellers.

Ex. VI Fill in the gaps, using the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.

1. The British Isles (to be divided) into two independent states.

1. Britain or Great Britain (to be) England, Scotland and Wales.

2. Northern Ireland (to be called) sometimes the prov­ince of Ulster.

2. It also (to belong) to Great Britain.

3. The Republic of Ireland (to be) southern Ireland.

6. It (to be) independent and (to have) its own govern­ment in Dublin, the capital of the republic.

Ex. VII Match the endings of the sentences.

1. Northern Ireland a) is the capital of Scotland.

2. The Republic of Ireland b) is the capital of the UK.

3. London c) 8 % of the territory of Britain.­

4. Edinburgh d) are about 20 % of the British people.

5. The Highlands of Scotland e) is in the north-west.

6. Snowdown f) is sometimes called the province of

Ulster.

7. Lowland Britain g) is in the south-east.

8. Highland Britain h) are the highest mountains in the British

Isles.

9) Woods make up only i) is southern Ireland.

10) Rural dwellers j) is the highest mountain in Wales.

Ex. VIII Translate the following word-combinations and sentences into

English.

1. Британські острови поділяються на дві незалежні держави.

2. Річки Британії недовгі, але глибокі.

3. Велика Британія - одна з провідних країн cвітy.

Ex. IX Match the Ukrainian equivalents with the English words and word-

combinations.

1) island

2) to be divided into in­dependent states

3) province of Ulster

4) own government

5) capital of the republic

6) rich plain

7) navigable river

8) lowland Britain

9) highland Britain

10) oak forests

11) mild climate

12) belong to

1. дубові ліси

2. багата рівнина

3. ocтpiв

4. провінція Ольстер

5. судноплавна piчкa

6. бути поділеним на незалежні

держави

7. гориста Британія

i) належати

j) столиця республіки

к) низинна Британія

1) власний уряд

m) м‘який клімат

Практичне заняття № 11

Тема “Економіка Великобританії”

Ех.І Read and translate new words and word-combinations.

Resource-ресурс

Woolen-шерстяний

Agricultural-сільськогосподарський

To be rich in coal-бути багатим на вугілля

Mineral resources-мінеральні ресурси

Chemical industry-хімічна промисловість

Ship-building industry- суднобудівна промисловість

Farm-holding -земля, яка належить фермеру

Quarry-розробляти карєр

То meet the needs-задовольняти потреби

Ex.II Read and translate the text.

Great Britain is rich in coal, iron, ore and some other mineral resources. It is one of the leading countries in the world. It has highly developed motor-car, ship-building, textile, chemical and electronics industries which are centered in such cities as London, Glasgow, Manchester, Liverpool and Newcastle.

Great Britain is also famous for its woollen industry. English wool is exported to many countries.

Northern Ireland is one of the poorest regions of the United Kingdom. It has ship­building, textile and chemical industries which are centered in Belfast and Londonderry. The other parts of Northern Ireland are agricultural.

Although Britain is an industrialized nation, much of the country is under cultivation. Agriculture, which meets over 50 per cent of Britain’s food needs, accounts for 74 per cent of land use.

Woodland and forest account for 11 per cent, and urban land and other areas for 15 per cent. About 67 per cent of agricultural land is under crops and grass, the rest being used for grazing farm animals. There are about 234,000 farm-holdings, with an average size of 73 hectares.

Scotland’s electronics industry employs over 50,000 people. Scotland’s manufactured exports were worth 18,5 billion in 1999. 54% are electrical and engineered instruments. Nearly 9 in 10 bottles of scotch whisky are sold abroad. On May, 2000 69,95 of people in Wales in employment. Aim to create 40,000 additional jobs by 2010. 7,7 million tones of steel were produced in, 1999-42% of UK’s steel output.

Other significant industrial activities in Wales:

• Mining and quarrying

• Agriculture farmers are encouraged to develop new sources of income.

• Electricity, gas and water supply

• Tourism 100,000 visitors a year generate income of & 1.9 billion.

Ех.Ш Answer the following questions.

1 .What is Great Britain rich in?

2.1s Great Britain one of the leading countries in the world?

3. Where are highly developed industries centered?

4. What can you say about woolen industry?

5. What region of the United Kingdom is one of the poorest ones?

6. What industries has Northern Ireland?

7. How many per cent of Britain’s food needs does agriculture meet?

8. What does Great Britain export abroad?

9. How much steel were produced in Great Britain?

10. What significant industrial activities are there in Wales?

Ex.IV Translate into English.

Гірська промисловість, газове забезпечення, нові джерела доходів, пасовища, електричні прилади, сталь, місцеві землі, сільськогосподарські культури, випас тварин, надавати роботу, створити додаткові місця, давати пртбуток, бути чимось знаменитим, бути багатим на вугілля, одна з провідних країн світу, хімічна промисловість.

Ex.V Complete these sentences.

1. Great Britain is rich in...

2. It is one of the... in the world.

3. It has highly developed...

4. Highly developed industries are centered in...

5. England wool is exported to...

6. ... is one of the poorest regions of the United Kingdom.

7. Northern Ireland has... industries which are centered in... 8.... account for 11

per cent, and ... for 15 per cent.

9. About 67 per cent of agriculture land is under...

10. Scotland’s electronics industry employs...

1l. The significant industrial activities in Wales are...

Ex. VI Translate into English using words and word-combinations from the

text.

1. Сільське господарство задовольняє понад 505 британських потреб у їжі.

2. Багато земель використовується для випасу сільськогосподарських

тварин.

2. 73 гектари земель належать фермерам.

3. Майже понад 9 з 10 пляшок шотландського віскі продається за кордон.

4. Ціль уряду Великобританії створити 40 тисяч додаткових робочих місць.

5. Велика Британія славиться виробництвом вовни.

6. У Північній Ірландії є суднобудівна промисловість.

7. Велика Британія - одна з провідних країн світу.

8. Деякі частини Великої Британії сільськогосподарські.

Практичне заняття № 12

Тема “Населення Великобританії”

Ex. I Read and memorize the following words.

native— місцевий житель

the British Isles— Британські острови

Welsh— уельський, валшський

Gaelic— гельський

Manx— мова жителів острова Мен

Мен Cornish— корнуольський, корнійський

dialect— діалект

localized version— вapiaнт мови, якою розмовляють у певній місцевості

to contain— містити (в co6i)

alternative— альтернативний, взаємовиключний

certain— певний

form— форма, вид, різновид

complete— повністю сформований

racially – за расовою ознакою

origin – походження

identity – індивідуальність

Ex. II Read and translate the text.

T he population of the United Kingdom in 1990 was more than 57,411 million. About 20 per cent of the British people are rural dwellers, but only 10 per cent really live in the country. About 40 per cent of the British people live in urban areas, whose centres are the cities of London, Glasgow, Birmingham, Liverpool, Leeds, Bradford and Newcastle-on-Tyne.

People often refer to Britain by another name. They call it “England”. But this is not strictly correct, and it can make some people angry. England is only one of the four nations of the British Isles (England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland). Their po­litical unification was a gradual process that took several hun­dred years. It was completed in 1800 when the Irish Parlia­ment was joined with the Parliament for England, Scotland and Wales in Westminster, so that the whole of the British Isles became a single state — the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. However, in 1922, most of Ireland became a sep­arate state.

A t one time the four nations were distinct from each other in almost every aspect of life. They were different racially. The people in Ireland, Wales and highland Scotland belonged to the Celtic race; those in England and lowland Scotland were main­ly of Germanic origin. This difference was reflected in the lan­guages they spoke. People in the Celtic areas spoke Celtic lan­guages: Irish Gaelic, Scottish Gaelic and Welsh. People in the Germanic areas spoke Germanic dialects (including the one which has developed into modern English).

Today these differences have become blurred. But they have not completely disappeared. Although there is only one govern­ment for the whole Britain, and people have the same passport regardless of where in Britain they live, some aspects of gov­ernment are organized separately in the four parts of the United Kingdom. Moreover, Welsh, Scottish and Irish people feel their identity very strongly.

The British are often viewed as the most boring people in the world. They wear unimaginative­ly formal clothes, eat tasteless food, practise slow sports and have a specific sense of humour which is usually not understood by foreigners. They are also said to be conservative, reserved and cool. Indeed, the British are not very open or spontaneous. They do not kiss or embrace by way of greeting so as not to allow famili­arity. They always keep a certain distance and are not willing to manifest their feelings and emo­tions. They are even accused of being hypocritical because they might think one thing and say another. It is not easy to make friends with them but once you have made a friend, it is a friend for life.

The English are said to be the masters of trivial conversation. Their “small talk” usually deals with the weather or some general questions as it is not accepted to interfere in someone’s private life.

The British are very polite. They always queue when they are waiting for a bus and hold the door open for the person behind them. Also, the British bobbies have a reputation of being the most friendly and helpful police­men in the world. On the other hand, the English football fans are regarded as hooligans and vandals able to tear the stadiums into pieces. Generally speaking, however, the British are well-mannered.

“There is no place like home” — say the British. This adage best expresses an Englishman’s tradi­tional love of his home. About 70 per cent of British people have their own houses. Most homes have a garden in which the Brit­ish spend a lot of time growing flowers and looking after the lawn — a national pride. Many houses, especially the older ones, are surrounded by hedges, which symbolizes the desire of the Brit­ish to protect their privacy. “My house is my castle” — this well- known proverb reminds a visitor that unless he is invited, he may expect to be treated as an in­truder.

The English not only love their homes but also their pets. Many people keep cats, dogs and other animals at home. They are com­pletely crazy about pets. There are more animal rights groups in Britain than anywhere else in the world. Paradoxically, the English still love the hunting of wild ani­mals, such as foxes or hares, with the aim of killing them.

It is not easy to decide on the typically British characteristics. Not all English people are cold, uncommunicative or boring, not all of them are crazy about lawns or animals. Still, there is one thing that is typically British: a strong attachment to tradition and a desire to keep their coun­try’s uniqueness. Some people say that the British live in the past, but they are simply proud of their originality.

It may surprise you to know that until a few centuries ago there were many natives of what we call the British Isles who did not speak English. The Western land of Wales spoke Welsh, in the farthest north and the islands of Scotland the language was Gaelic and a similar language Irish Gaelic was spoken in Ireland, Manx was the language of the Isle of Man, and Cor­nish that of the south-western top of Britain.

We are not talking about dialects (localized versions of a language) which often contain alternative words or phrases for certain things, but which are forms of English. Welsh, Gaelic, Manx and Cornish are complete languages with their own grammar, poetry and stories — all that we call culture.

Ex. III Answer the following questions.

1. What is population of the United Kingdom?

2. How many people do live in urban areas?

3. How many people live in rural areas?

4. Why is it incorrect to call the whole country England?

5. What process took several hundred years and was completed in 1800?

6. How did the four nations of Great Britain differ from each other?

7. What languages are spoken in the UK?

8. Did natives of the British Isles speak English a few centuries ago?

9. Where was Welsh spoken?

10. Where was Gaelic spoken?

11. Where was Irish Gaelic spoken?

12. Where was Manx spoken?

13. Where was Cornish spoken?

14. What are dialects?

15. Were Welsh, Gaelic, Manx and Cornish dialects or complete languages?

16. What do we call culture?

Ex. IV Put questions to the text. Use different types of questions.

Ex. V Choose the best variant to finish the sen­tences.

1. The British are often viewed as ____________________.

1. the most talkative and amiable people in the world;

2. the most boring people in the world;

3. the most absent-minded people in the world.

2. They have _____________________ which is not under­stood by

foreigners.

1. a specific sense of humour;

2. a specific style in fashion;

3. a very good taste.

3. They are even accused of being hypocritical because _________________.

1. they always say what they think;

2. they never tell the truth;

3. they might think one thing and say another.

4. Talking to other people they always discuss ____________________.

1. their family matters;

2. the weather or general questions;

3. their private life.

5. The British always queue when ________________________.

1. they are waiting for a bus;

2. they are shopping;

3. they are taking books from a library. 6. Generally speaking, the British are ___________________.

1. very rude;

2. stupid;

3. polite and well-mannered.

Ex. VI Complete the sentences, using the text, translate them.

1. It may surprise you to know that until a few centuries ago on the British Isles

there were ... who...

2. The Western land of Wales spoke...

3. The farthest north and the islands of Scotland spoke ...

4. A similar language ... was spoken in...

5. Manx was the language of...

6. And the south-western part of Britain spoke...

7. Welsh, Gaelic, Manx, and Cornish are not ... they are ... with...

8. … are rural dwellers.

Ex. VII Fill in the gaps, using the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.

1. It may (to surprise) you to know that until a few cen­turies ago there (to be)

many natives on the British Isles who (not to speak) English.

2. The Western land of Wales (to speak) Welsh, the far­thest north and the

islands of Scotland (to speak) Gaelic and a similar language Irish Gaelic

(to be spoken) in Ireland, Manx (to be) the language of the Isles of Man

and the south-western part of Britain (to speak) Cor­nish.

3. We (not to talk) about dialects which often (to con­tain) alternative words

or phrases for certain things, but which (to be) forms of English.

4. Welsh, Gaelic, Manx and Cornish (to be) complete languages.

Ex. VIII Translate the following word-combinations into English.

Британські острови, уельський, гельський, мова жителів острова Мен, повністю сформований, корнійський, діалект, містити, альтернатива.