Thanking
1 Formal
Thank you.
Thank you very much.
Here’s your bag.— Thank you.
I hope you have a good journey.— Thank you very much.
2. Informal
Thanks.
Have a good time.— Thanks.
The less “safe” many thanks and thanks a lot are also often heard.
Thank you for ... Thanks for ...
Thank you for your help.
Thanks for the ride.
Thanks for the tip. ( = advice)
Thanks for everything.
Thank you so much for a lovely party.
If you have been staying with people in Britain it’s customary to write them a letter of thanks — the British still use the letter-box more than the phone.
Replies to thanks
The “safest” expression to use is:
Not at all
Other phrases you may hear are:
Thank you for all the trouble you’ve taken.—Not at all.
Don’t mention it.
That’s all right.
It’s a pleasure
You’re welcome (American)
If you are not sure what to say, just smile.
Please
Please is hardly ever used on its own.
Please is used a great deal added to a phrase when you want something or want someone to do something (whereas thanks is used especially when you’ve been given something):
Would you pass the sugar, please?
Could you tell me the time, please?
Would you please come this way?
Sit down, please.
Please sit down.
As an answer
Would you like some coffee? — Yes, please.
- No, thank you.
- No, thanks.
Don’t use please when you give something.
1. If you are offering something that has not been asked for, mention the thing (to attract the other person’s attention), smiling at the same time:
Have you seen today’s paper?
Would you like a cigarette?
Chocolate? (high rising intonation)
I’ve brought some flowers for you.
I thought you might like these (of flowers, fruit, etc.)
2. If the thing has been asked for, say:
Here you are.
Could I have a light, please? — Yes, here you are.
Would you pass the salt, please.— Here you are.
There you are is also sometimes used:
Could you lend me your key, please? — There you are.
Ex. III Read and translate the following dialogues.
I
Stephen and Mary Newby are going to drive Paul Bartlett over to the airport.
Steve: Let’s put your bags in the back.— Good. Jump in.
Mary. Have you had any lunch, Paul?
Paul: Yes, thanks.
Steve: Then we’ll drive straight over to the airport.
Mary: Here’s a copy of “Time” — I thought you might like to have a
look at it on the plane.
Paul: Thank you very much.
Paul: Look, there’s no need for you to hang around here—it may be
ages before the plane leaves.
Mary: Well, I do hope you’ll have a good journey.
Paul: Thank you Mary.
Steve: Goodbye Paul, and all the best.
Paul: Goodbye, and thanks for everything.
II
Mr Rhodes comes back late from work and talks to his landlady.
Mr Rhodes: I’m ‘sorry I’m so -late. Had a lot of work at the shop.
Landlady: That’s all right. I kept your dinner hot. Have you seen today’s
paper?
Mr Rhodes: I’m afraid I haven’t had time.
Landlady: It says the price of petrol’s going up.
Mr Rhodes: Pardon?
Landlady: I said it says the price of petrol’s going up.
Mr Rhodes: Oh, ‘really?
Ex. IV Thank someone for a lift, a pleasant day, help, a tip (two
possibilities!), a party, an address. Give replies (or smiles).
Ex. V Offer a newspaper, sugar, sweets, a light, milk, a cup of tea, etc, that
have not been asked for. Give replies.
Ex. VI Ask for the same things as in 2. Give them and thank the giver.
Ex. VII Apologize for spilling a glass, arriving late, leaving early, an
unintentional shove, ringing someone up late at night.
Ex. VIII Complete the following. Give answers where possible:
Can you come at six? — I’m sorry, but.
Excuse me, but...
Sorry to...
I’m afraid 1 can’t...
Margaret asked me to say she’s sorry, but.
I’m so sorry I can’t...
Bill asked me to say he’s sorry
Ex. IX Supply missing remarks to the following dialogues.
1. Student A. I am very grateful you’ve got me this book.
Student B. ...
2 Miss C. I have no words to express my gratitude you’ve got tickets to this
concert.
Mr D. ...
3. Mrs A. ...
Mr B. The pleasure is mine.
Ex X Ask someone to do the following things and then express your
gratitude.
to tell you the time
to give you the book you need
to give you a lift home
to help you with the translation
Ex. XI Ask someone to do the following things and then express your
gratitude.
Ex. XII Compose some dialogues.
where you accept somebody’s apology
where you don’t accept it.
Лекція № 2
Тема “Країнознавчі відомості про Великобританію “
Ex. I Read and memorize the following words and word-combinations.
to consist of — складатися з
coastal — береговий
county — графство
to be surrounded by — бути оточеним
mountain range — йрський ланцюг
inland — розташований усередині країни, віддалений від моря
Populated — густонаселений
harsh terrain — сувора місцевість
inclement — суворий
marine and aero engines — корабельні та авіаційні двигуни
hosiery — трикотаж
The Pond — Понд, океан
Memorabilia — пам’ятні речі
steeped in history — переповнений історичними пам’ятками
oil and gas fields — нафтові та газові родовища
hovercraft — судно на повітряній подушці
cobble — булижник
tarmac — гудроноване (асфальтоване) шосе
Ex. II Listen to the text.
The British Isles lie to the north-west of the continent of Europe and consist of two main islands, the larger of which is Great Britain, the smaller is Ireland. There are over 5 hundred small islands known collectively as the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, with a total area of 244,100 square kilometres and population of 58,837 thousand people. Great Britain is made up of England, Wales and Scotland.The north-west and west of Great Britain is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean. In the west the country is also washed by the Irish Sea. The eastern coast is open to the waters of the North Sea. The southeastern tip of Great Britain is separated from France by the English Channel which is 32 kilometres wide at its narrowest point. Northern Ireland which lies to the west of Great Britain is separated from it by the North Channel and is washed by the Atlantic Ocean and the Irish Sea.
The seas surrounding Great Britain are not very deep, they are good for fishing.
The island of Great Britain is quite distinctly divided into two parts: mountainous (north and west) and lowland, sometimes hilly (south and east). The most important mountain territories are those located in the north of Scotland. Geologically these mountains are among the oldest in the world. The largest valley — the central lowlands — divides these mountain ranges into the Southern Uplands and the Northern Uplands. The narrow valley of Glen separates the Northwest mountains from the Grampians where the highest point of the British Isles Ben Nevis (1343 metres) is with its majestic beauty. From the Southern Uplands of Scotland the mountains stretch to Wales Peninsula. To the south of the deeply inlanded Solway Firth Gulf, along the Western Coast runs the mountain range of Cumberland. To the east of this massif lies the central upland known as the Pennines. Lowland Britain extends from the mouth of the river Tyne in the north-east of England to the mouth of the river Exe.
The rivers of Britain are short, their direction and character are determined by the position of the mountains. Most of the rivers flow in the eastward direction.
Due to the humid climate the water-level is always high. The rivers seldom freeze in winter, most of them remain ice-free but they are not navigable for ocean liners. The most important rivers are the Severn, the Thames, the Ouse, the Tyne, the Tees, the Tweed, and the Eden.
Characteristics. There are certain stereotypes of national character which are well-known in Britain. For instance, the Irish are supposed to be great talkers, the Scots have a reputation for being careful with money, and the Welsh are famous for their singing ability. These characteristics are, of course, only caricatures and are not reliable descriptions of individual people from these countries.
T
he
Union Jack. The
flag of the United Kingdom is known as the Union Jack. (Jack is a
sailing name for a flag). It has been used as the Britfth flag since
1603, when Scotland and England were united. The original design
combined the red cross of England with the white diagonal
cross on a blue background of Scotland. The red diagonal cross of
Ireland was added in
1801, when Ireland became part of the United Kingdom. Wales is not
represented on the Union Jack because it is a principality of
England. The red dragon of Cadwallader, which is now often used as
the national flag of Wales, dates from the 1950s. The Union Jack is
most often seen flying from public buildings or at sports events.
Children may wave small Union Jacks
when a member of the royal family visits their town. During national
celebrations strings of small flags are hung across the street as
bunting.
Most of the population live in the cities of the UK. The most densely populated region is the Southeast of England, London and the Home Counties of Surrey, West and East Sussex, Kent and Berkshire, also Essex to the north of London. The least densely populated region is the Highlands of Scotland, this is due to the harsh terrain and inclement weather. The largest and most important city in Britain is, without a doubt, London. It has an average population of nearly eight million.
Birmingham
is Britain’s “second city”, its population is over
a million. Thirty years ago it
was
one of the most important
coal and metal mining c
entres.
It is the heart of an area known
as “black county”, a name thought to derive from the industrial
pollution of this time.Birmingham
is in the county of West Midlands and along with Coventry (40 km.
away) is an important centre of manufacturing industry
especially the motor car factories which dominate
the area’s economy and employment.
Glasgow
in the county of Strathclyde in Scotland is situated on the
Clyde river which flows into the Atlantic. Today Glasgow’s leading
industries are shipbuilding, iron and steel working,
marine and aero engines. The city also produces a variety
of cottons, woollen carpets and hosiery.
L
iverpool
is situated on the rivers Mersey and Pee in the county of
Merseyside. It has a population of three quarters of a million.
It is an important import and export centre for international
trade, especially to the other side of the Pond. It is also an
important centre for flour milling and sugar refining. Across the
Mersey from Liverpool is the town of Birkenhead, famous for its
shipbuilding. Liverpool was the home of Britain’s most famous
export, The Beatles, and many items of memorabilia can
be found in the museums and shops of the city.
Manchester, situated in Greater Manchester, has a population of slightly more than Liverpool but is geographically less important as it stands on the Irwell, a tributary of the Mersey.
Its main industries are electrical and heavy engineering.
Sheffield, situated in South Yorkshire, is still today the centre of the famous English cutlery industry and is an important steel working area. Its population is around six hundred thousand.
Sheffield also has many new industries.
Leeds, with a population of over half million is a large industrial centre situated in West
Yorkshire. It is well known for its wool and clothing factories and its engineering plants.
It is also a centre for aerospace and motor vehicle engineering.
E
dinburgh
with a population of only half a million is not as
large as Glasgow but it is the
capital
of Scotland. It is situated
on the Forth and is home to the famous bridge of the same name. The
major employment areas of the city are in government
administration
and
tourism. It is a town steeped in history and is architecturally very
important. The
Forth Bridge linking Edinburgh to the north takes one year to paint. So when the painters get to the end they have to start again from the beginning!
Dover, often called the gateway to Europe. It is one of the busiest ports in the world linking Britain to France by ferry, hovercraft, Seacat, Jetfoil and the newly completed tunnel under the
English Channel. It is quicker to travel from Dover to Paris than it is to travel from Dover to Birmingham.
Ex. III Answer the questions.
Where do the British Isles lei?
What do the British Isles consist of?
What is a total area of the country?
What is population of the country?
What is Great Britain made up of?
What is Great Britain surrounded by?
Are the seas surrounding Great Britain very deep?
What is the island of Great Britain quite distinctly divided into?
What are the most important mountain territories?
What is the largest valley?
What rivers are in Great Britain? What are they?
Do rivers in Great Britain freeze in winter?
Where do rivers flow?
What are these certain stereotypes of national character of Britain people?
What is the flay of the United Kingdom?
Where can you see the flag of the United Kingdom?
Do most of the population live in the cities of the UK?
What is the most densely populated region?
Is Birmingham Britain’s “second city”?
Where is Glasgow situated?
What reason is the city of Liverpool famous for?
The main industries in Manchester are electrical and heavy engineering,
aren’t they?
Which city is the home to British cutlery industry?
What is the capital of Scotland?
Is Dover called the gateway to Europe?
Ex. IV Complete the sentences, using the text, translate them.
The British Isles lie to the …
The British Isles consist of …
The total land area of Britain is...
Britain has a population...
Great Britain is made up of …
The north-west and west of Great Britain is surrounded by …
In the west the country is washed by …
The eastern coast is open to the …
The southeastern tip of Great Britain is separated from … by the …
Northern Ireland lies to …
Northern Ireland is washed by …
Northern Ireland is separated from Great Britain by …
The island of Great Britain is quite distinctly divided into two parts: …
Most of the rivers flow in the …
Irish are supposed to be …
The Scot have a reputation for …
The Welsh are famous for …
The flag of the United Kingdom is known as …
Most of the population live …
The most densely populated region is …
The largest and most important city in Britain is …
... is Britain’s “second city”.
Today Glasgow’s leading industries are...
Liverpool has a population...
The main industries of Manchester are...
Sheffield also has many...
It is well known for its...
Edinburgh with a population of only half a million...
Dover, often called...
Ex. V Match the endings of the sentences.
The least densely populated region
Birmingham is the heart of an area
Clyde river
The city also produces a variety
Liverpool was the home of
Sheffield also has
Edinburgh with a population of
only half a million
The Forth Bridge linking
Edinburgh to the north
Dover, often called
a) the gateway to Europe.
b) is the Highlands of Scotland.
c) takes one year to paint.
d) known as “black county”.
e) flows into the Atlantic ocean.
f) of cottons, woolen carpets and
hosiery.
g) Britain’s most famous export, the
Beatles.
h) is not as large as Glasgow but it is
the capital of Scotland.
i) many new Belfast