Лекція № 1

Тема “Поняття про мовленнєвий етикет спілкування ”

Ex. I Read and learn the following words by heart.

Polite – ввічливий

Behaving – поведінка

Respect – повага

Consideration – увага, повага

Proof – доказ

Worth – гідність

Attitude – ставлення

Tend – бути схильним

Judge – оцінювати

Rude – грубий, брутальний

Courteous – ввічливий

Appropriate – належний

Favour – люб‘язність

Apologize – вибачатися

Hurt – кривдити

Upset – засмучувати

Delay – затримуватися

Suggestion – порада, рекомендація

Used to – мали звичай

Concern – піклуватися

At one’s ease – невимушено

Reliable – надійний

Obliged – зобов‘язаний

Impatient – нетерплячий

Frustrated – розстроєний

Jest – жарт

Ex. II Listen to the text.

Children are taught good manners, or simply manners (= polite ways of behav­ing), so that when they are older they will automatically show respect and consider­ation for other people.

In Britain good manners were once seen as proof of a person’s worth, as in the old saying ‘manners make man’. Though attitudes have become more tolerant over the years, people still tend to judge oth­ers according to how they behave. People may be said to have no manners if they are rude or behave without thought for others. For instance, somebody who picks their nose in front of others, or belches or yawns without putting their hand in front of their mouth, or who speaks rudely to somebody, will attract criticism. On the other hand, a person who is polite and courteous, who is considerate towards other people, who says little about their own achievements and who respects the privacy of others, is much more likely to win approval and respect.

Ideas about appropriate personal be­haviour vary from country to country, and it can be difficult in a foreign country to know what its people consider to be good manners.

Please and thank you.

British and American parents often tell their children that ‘please’ is the magic word: if the children remember to say ‘please’, their parents are more likely to give them the things they ask for. ‘Please’ is used in many situations. People gen­erally say ‘please’ whenever they ask for something, whether it is for goods in a shop, for help, for a favour or for infor­mation.

People are also taught to say ‘thank you’ or ‘thanks’ when somebody has given them something or done something for them. In a shop many British people say ‘thank you’ several times at the checkout, e.g. when the operator tells them the to­tal cost of their goods, when he or she gives them their change or gives back their credit card, and sometimes again before they leave.

After receiving a present it is good man­ners to say ‘thank you’ and sound pleased. Some people add a specific comment, e.g. ‘That’s great — red’s my favourite colour!’ When a present is sent by mail it is polite to send a thank-you note, a short letter or card to thank the person who sent it and tell them how much you like it. It is also polite to write and say ‘thank you’ after you have been invited out for a meal or been to stay with somebody.

Formal and informal manners

Good manners do not have to be for­mal. It is friendly as well as polite to say ‘hello’ or ‘good morning’ to somebody you meet, to say ‘please’ and “thank you’ to family and friends as well as to strang­ers, and to apologize if you hurt or upset somebody. A warm tone of voice and a smile are also important.

People shake hands when die)’ are in­troduced to somebody for the first time but, except in business, rarely do so when they meet again. Nowadays, unless there is a great age difference, most adults use each other’s first names straightaway. In shops and banks, on aircraft, etc. customers are often addressed respectfully as ‘Sir’ or ‘Madam’ to show that they are important to the company. People are expected to arrive on time for both business and social events and it is considered bad manners to be late or not to telephone to let people know if you are delayed.

Manners are expected even in situa­tions when it is impossible to talk. A well-mannered driver may, for instance, slow down to allow somebody to cross the road or make a gesture of thanks when another driver lets him or her pass. Airlines en­courage passengers to consider others and to leave the washroom clean after use.

In the past but less commonly today, people often bought books on etiquette (= polite behaviour) to learn how to behave in polite society. Such books give suggestions for behaviour in very formal situations and do not help much with normal life. In Brit­ain there are books on how to address mem­bers of the royal family and the aristocracy.

Formal manners are part of the British stereotype. British people used to shake hands when meeting somebody, make polite conversation on general topics, but otherwise remain distant. Men used to take off their hat when a woman passed, walk on the outside of the pavement/side­walk when with a woman so that she did not get splashed by traffic, and hold doors open for her. Keeping feelings under con­trol was also part of good manners, and it was not thought appropriate to show anger, affection, etc in public. Now, fewer people stand on ceremony (= behave for­mally) and even in formal situations most people are friendly and relaxed and con­cerned to put others at their ease.