The World Wide Web

Remember the following words and word combinations.

1. utility – утилита, сервисная программа

2. FTP – (File Transfer Protocol) протокол передачи файлов, клиент-серверный протокол прикладного уровня, обеспечивающий поиск и пересылку файлов между двумя, возможно, разнородными машинами по сети TCP/IP, на которых пользователь имеет учётные записи

3. IRC – (Internet Relay Chat) система диалогового общения по Интернету, ретрансляция разговоров в Internet

4. telnet – протокол эмуляции терминала, протокол telnet, сетевая программа для работы в интернет на удаленном пк

5. usenet – система телеконференций internet, организована как большой (содержащий более 12 тысяч конференций) иерархический каталог, узлами которого являются группы новостей по определённым предметным областям

6. proposal – предложение

7. European Center for Nuclear Research – Европейский центр ядерных исследований

8. end-user – конечный пользователь

9. HTML – (Hypertext Mark-up Language) язык гипертекстовой разметки, (стандартный язык, используемый для создания веб-страниц)

10. accessible – доступный, достижимый

11. embodiment – олицетворение, воплощение

12. reside, v – находиться

13. URL – (Uniform Resource Locator) унифицированный указатель [информационного] ресурса, стандартизованная строка символов, указывающая местонахождение документа в интернете

14. gain, v – получать, приобретать

15. content – содержание

16. link – ссылка (на страницу в интернете)

17. browser – браузер, программа просмотра web, навигатор

18. vast – огромный, безбрежный

19. e-commerce – электронная торговля, электронная коммерция

20. run one’s business – вести дело, управлять предприятием

21. environment – среда, окружение

22. integrate, v – включать, совмещать, интегрировать

23. handle, v – (здесь) обрабатывать

24. chat room – дискуссионная группа

Read and translate the text.

Text 2

T he World Wide Web is one of several utilities—including e-mail, File Transfer Protocol (FTP), Internet Relay Chat (IRC), Telnet and Usenet — that form the Internet. Based on a 1989 proposal from Tim Berners-Lee, it was developed at the European Center for Nuclear Research as a way to share information about nuclear physics. At the heart of the Web is a system of many Web servers — computers or software programs that make it possible for end-users to view Web pages, or specially formatted documents commonly written in Hypertext Mark-up Language (HTML). The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) describes the Web as “the universe of network-accessible information, the embodiment of human knowledge.”

Locations on the World Wide Web, which commonly reside on individual servers, are known as Web sites. Web sites have individual addresses called uniform resource locators (URLs), which must be used to gain access. Upon visiting a Web site, visitors normally begin on its home page. This document often serves as an index to other content within the site, or contains hypertext links to content residing on a different Web site.

Web pages are viewed through software applications called Web browsers. For example, Microsoft's Internet Explorer and Netscape's Navigator were the two popular Web browsers during the 1990s and early 2000s. Web browsers are the essential link between end-users and a vast sea of static pictures, video, sounds, and text.

Because of its very nature, the Web holds strong potential for international e-commerce. In addition to using the Web for marketing or education, companies also run their business in the online environment. Some companies also began to integrate traditional telephone call centers — the places where customer service calls are handled or orders are taken for products or services — with Web pages and other Internet technologies like e-mail and chat rooms.

Exercise 1. Answer the following questions.

1. What forms the Internet?

2. What idea was proposed by Tim Berners-Lee in the late 1980-s?

3. Why is Internet described as “the universe of network-accessible information”?

4. What is Web site?

5. What applications are used to view Web pages?

6. What Web browsers do you know?

7. How does commerce use Internet?

Exercise 2. Match English words and word combinations with their Russian equivalents.

1	utility	a	связь, соединение, ссылка
2	share	b	обстановка
3	reside	c	сервисная программа
4	gain	d	обширный, громадный
5	link	e	прорабатывать
6	vast	f	добывать
7	environment	g	пребывать
8	handle	h	распределять

Exercise 3. Match the words which are very close in their meaning.

1	accessible	a	combine
2	embodiment	b	consumer
3	proposal	c	available
4	user	d	use jointly
5	integrate	e	occupy
6	share	f	personification
7	reside	g	suggestion

Exercise 4. Match the words with the opposite meaning.

1	commonly	a	exclude, omit
2	static	b	small
3	essential	c	dynamic
4	include	d	unimportant
5	vast	e	unusually

Exercise 5. Make all possible word combinations from the words given below.

1	static	a	document
2	vast	b	address
3	accessible	c	page
4	software	d	programme
5	formatted	e	environment
6	individual	f	information
7	home	g	sea
8	online	h	picture

Exercise 6. Mark the sentences: True/False/ No information.

1. The World Wide Web is one of several utilities—including File Transfer Protocol (FTP), Internet Relay Chat (IRC), Telnet and Usenetб but it doesn’t include email.

2. Internet was developed in Europe in 1989-s as a way to share information about nuclear physics.

3. Software programs or computers make it possible for end-users to surf Web pages, or specially formatted documents.

4. Web sites are locations on the World Wide Web, which commonly reside on individual servers.

5. Web pages are viewed through software applications called Web servers.

6. The Web does not allow end-users to deal with international e-commerce.

7. The World Wide Web is used now for education, marketing or running a business.

Exercise 7. Translate the sentences.

1. Based on a 1989 proposal from Tim Berners-Lee, internet was developed in Europe as a way to share scientific information.

2. The Web is described as “the universe of network-accessible information, the embodiment of human knowledge”.

3. Upon visiting a Web site, visitors normally begin on its home page.

4. Web browsers are the essential link between end-users and a vast sea of static pictures, video, sounds, and text.

5. Because of its very nature, the Web holds strong potential for international e-commerce.

6. In addition to using the Web for marketing or education, companies also run their business in the online environment.

Exercise 8. Discuss in small groups how you can make money with the help of the Internet. Remember that you are a full-time university student. How can you do it?

Exercise 9. Write an essay of 100-120 words on the following task.

You are invited to a big company’s new central office to create their computer network. Give your ideas how to do it.