Internet Computer Networks

Remember the following words and word combinations.

1. network – сеть

2. communication – процесс передачи информации, общение

3. medium – способ, средство; среда, окружение

4. radio waves – радиоволны

5. infrared waves – инфракрасные волны

6. wire – провод

7. fiber – волокно

8. integral – существенный, неотъемлемый

9. share, v – делить, разделять, распределять

10. database – база данных

11. access (v) – получать доступ,

12. instantaneous – немедленный, мгновенный

13. LAN – (Local Area Network) локальная сеть

14. WAN – (Wide Area Network) глобальная сеть, региональная сеть

15. MAN – (Metropolitan Area Network) городская сеть

16. PAN – (Personal Area Network) персональная сеть

17. bus network, ring network, star network – топология сети: шина, кольцо, звезда

18. hub – сетевой концентратор, хаб

19. viable – жизнеспособный, осуществимый

20. transreceiver – приемопередатчик

21. wi-fi – (wireless fidelity) беспроводной доступ

22. bluetooth – спецификация bluetooth, технология беспроводной ближней коротковолновой радиосвязи (до 30 м), позволяющая объединять устройства разных типов для передачи речи и данных

23. preference – предпочтение, преимущество

24. consumer – потребитель, пользователь

25. dimension – измерение

26. cyber – относящийся к компьютерам, информационным технологиям, интернету

27. leap – прыжок, скачок

Read and translate the text.

Text 1 Computer Networking Fundamentals

A computer network is a collection of two or more computers with communication between them through a medium. The communication medium can be through radio waves, wires, infrared, optical fibers etc.

C omputer network is an integral part of our daily lives. The use of computer networking is to share resources like fax machines, printers, modems, files etc., and its other uses are database server, computer server, email, chat, internet etc. The computer to which the resources are attached is called the server and the other computers that access the resource are called clients.

The sharing of fax machines, printers, and modems among many computers and users reduce the operational cost. A database on a computer network is a very important application as it stores and runs many important data and jobs. Emails and chats can be used for instantaneous communication and sending of files on a computer network.

The computer networks are classified, depending upon the size, as Local Area Networks (LAN), Wide Area Networks (WAN), Metropolitan Area Networks (MAN) and Personal Area Networks (PAN). The topology (topology is the way the computer networks and network resources are connected) of the networking can be classified as Bus Network, Ring Network and Star Network.

The networking hardware basically consists of wiring, network cards and a hub. Computer network cards are required so that one computer can understand what the other computer is “talking”. Hubs connect all the computers in the network. Hubs can also be used to connect to other hubs to increase the size of the computer network.

As the number of computers in an office or a home increases, so do the number of cables, so wireless networking is a viable solution. In wireless networking radio transreceivers or infrared signals are used to communicate between computers and devices. Examples of wireless networking include Wi-fi and Bluetooth technology, though there may be security issues involved in wireless networking. However there definitely is a stronger preference towards wireless networking nowadays among consumers.

Computer networks have added a new dimension to the 21st century. Today the cyber world is much faster and wider than the real world. This has all been made possible due to computer networks. Computer networks have revolutionized business, communication, travel, research, defense and society. The evolution of computer networks has helped the technological revolution take a big leap forward.

Exercise 1. Answer the following questions.

1. What is a computer network?

2. What is networking aimed for?

3. What is the server and what are the clients in the network?

4. Why is it profitable (выгодно) to share peripherals?

5. How are the computer networks classified?

6. What does the networking hardware consist of?

7. What technologies are used in wireless networking?

8. What are the general advantages of computer networks in modern life?

Exercise 2. Match English words and word combinations with their Russian equivalents.

1	computer network	a	эксплуатационные расходы
2	communication medium	b	мгновенная связь
3	integral part	c	эффективное решение
4	important application	d	средство связи (общения)
5	access the resources	e	сетевое оборудование
6	instantaneous communication	f	компьютерная сеть
7	networking hardware	g	неотъемлемая часть
8	viable solution	h	важное приложение
9	operational cost	i	доступ к ресурсам

Exercise 3. Match the words which are very close in their meaning.

1	medium	a	immediate
2	integral	b	user
3	instantaneous	c	means
4	preference	d	link
5	consumer	e	entire
6	connect	f	growth
7	device	g	favor
8	evolution	h	mechanism

Exercise 4. Match the words with the opposite meaning.

1	reduce	a	slow
2	connect	b	backward
3	increase	c	enlarge
4	fast	d	separate
5	forward	e	shorten

Exercise 5. Make all possible word combinations from the words given below.

1	optical	a	issue
2	radio	b	fiber
3	daily	c	data
4	operational	d	in the network
5	important	e	waves
6	connect	f	life
7	infrared	g	signal
8	security	h	cost

Exercise 6. Complete each sentence with the most appropriate ending.

1. The communication medium can be through:

- Internet, Wi-fi, servers etc.,

- radio waves, wires, infrared, optical fibers etc.,

- laptops, palmtops, PCs and other devices.

2. To use computer networking means:

- to share resources like fax machines, printers, modems, files etc.,

- to use database server, computer server, email, chat, internet etc.,

- to exploit radio waves, wires, infrared, optical fibers etc.

3. ________ can be used for instantaneous communication and sending of files on a computer network.

- Databases and files

- Travel and research

- Emails and chats

4. The networking hardware basically consists of:

- computer and server,

- wiring, network cards and a hub,

- online environment.

5. In wireless networking ___________ are used to communicate between computers and devices.

- emails and chats,

- fax machines, printers, and modems,

- radio transreceivers or infrared signals.

Exercise 7. Read the sentences and fill in the gaps using the words given. Do not change the form of the words.

Consume – consumer

1. People _____ a good deal of sugar in drinks.

2. The two companies – Coca-Cola and Pepsi-Cola – have to compete for __________ in the world.

Prefer – preference – preferable

1. At this time of day, I ___________ tea to coffee.

2. Do you have a _________ for sweet or for spicy food?

3. Gradual change is __________ to sudden, large-scale change.

Access – accessible

1. You can find this book in an open ________ on my web site.

2. The director is _______ to everyone.

Collects – collection

1. Jerald ___________ modern art.

2. Lisa’s ________ of postcards numbers about two hundred of items.