1. Read the text and translate it into Ukrainian.
2. Answer the following questions:
1. What studies and methods did Sigmund Freud stress and develop in psychoanalysis?
2. What particular art movement was influenced by Freud’s ideas?
3. Who was the author of the Surrealist manifesto?
4. What possibilities for the artists did Andre Breton recognize in Freud’s radical ideas?
5. What images did Freud use as a means of decoding past experience?
6. Why did surrealists experiment with “automatic art”?
7. In what ways did Freud’s studies influence Salvador Dali’s paintings?
8. How did Dali begin and develop “The Persistence of Memory” painting?
9. What symbolic images did the artist use in “The Persistence of Memory” painting to depict decay?
10. How were the various forms used in painting interpreted?
3. Give Ukrainian equivalents of the following words and phrases:
to inspire artists
to suggest the inner workings
unconscious mind
repressed desires
alleviating neuroses
hidden meaning
insights
creative possibilities
to decode past experience
to suppress conscious control
to devise a special technique
to simulate the mental confusion
in order to
flux and distortion
to stall
the fading of memories
4. Give English equivalents of the following words and phrases:
призначатися
мати важливий вплив
внутрішній
досліджувати
розвинути низку методів
впливати неминуче
в особливості
поглинати
розшифровувати минулий досвід
приховане значення
володіти фантастичними якостями
незрозуміло
навмисне
низка різноманітних джерел
на власну думку художника
поступове згасання
натякати на щось
5. Make up sentences of your own with the given words and phrases.
6. Match a line in A with a line in B.
A |
B |
inner |
lacking normal sensory awareness of the environment, insensible |
unconscious |
a flow or discharge, continuous change |
inevitably |
the act or an instance of twisting or pulling out of shape |
to suppress |
easy, fine, light, smooth |
flux |
being or located further inside |
distortion |
unavoidably, certainly |
to strive for |
to refer indirectly, briefly, or implicitly |
soft |
to suggest or imply indirectly |
to allude |
to make a great and tenacious effort |
to hint |
to put an end to, prohibit |
7. Summarize the text in English Unit 42 text
Pop Art deflates the pretensions of the art world
Pop Art came out of a desire to undermine the art establishment. No one warmed to this task more than Andy Warhol. In his pictures of soup cans, comic strips, and movie stars, he fashioned new icons for the age of consumerism.
For centuries, there were accepted hierarchies in Western art. Certain categories of painting were deemed more prestigious than others, certain styles more skilled, and certain places of exhibition more important. The Impressionists and other pioneering groups challenged these divisions, and with the rise of avant-garde movements in the early twentieth century, conventions were gradually swept away. By the 1960s, any artwork, however shocking, was considered acceptable. The artist Roy Lichtenstein has said of this period that, "It was hard to get a painting which was despicable enough so no one would hang it. Everyone was hanging everything." One kind of artistic snobbery remained unchallenged — that a piece of art that hung in a gallery was superior to the commercial art featured on food packaging, album covers, or billboards. This assumption was also overturned by a new movement, Pop Art, and most famously by the American artist Andy Warhol.
In common with many of the important figurative painters of the twentieth century, including Edward Hopper and Rene Magritte, Warhol began his career as a commercial artist, producing illustrations for magazines and advertisements. Warhol was painfully aware of the stigma attached to this. When he first brought dealers or gallery owners to his studio, he made sure that his commercial designs were "absolutely buried in another part of the house," because he feared that his other work would not be taken seriously. Warhol took his commercial roots with him, though, and said of his work that he "did images that anybody walking down Broadway could recognize in a split second — comics, celebrities, refrigerators, Coke bottles—all the great modern things that the Abstract Expressionists tried so hard not to notice at all."
24 Shot Red Marilyn
Andy Warhol, 1964
Pop Art
Warhol's images of the actress Marilyn Monroe epitomized the new style. He produced his first versions in 1962, shortly after her suicide. His image started with a publicity photograph taken to promote the film Niagara. Warhol cropped the image and translated it into a silkscreen, using different colours and formats to emphasize the various aspects of her reputation. He placed a single head against a gold background so that the image resembled a religious icon, echoing the adoration that Marilyn inspired during her lifetime. He also alluded to her being turned into a commodity, and being packaged for the mass market, by making multiple images of her head in monotonous, rectangular grids, de-personalizing her face. He used an industrial process for his art, the silkscreen printing technique, which was widely used in the production of commercial textiles. The resulting crude slabs of colour highlight Marilyn's cosmetic allure — her peroxide hair, strong eye shadow, bright red lipstick — to give the images the quality of being easily repeated, and utterly disposable.
Characteristically, Warhol was eager to take advantage of any outrageous event for publicity. In 1964, a woman calmly wandered into The Factory, his home and studio, pulled out a gun, and fired a bullet into a stack of Marilyn pictures, leaving a hole right between the eyes. Once these had been repaired, they were marketed as the Shot Marilyns
TASKS