1. Read the text and translate it into Ukrainian.
2. Answer the following questions:
1. What is the origin of the Cubist movement?
2. Who were two founders of the Cubist movement?
3. What artwork influenced Picasso’s artistic style?
4. What artistic approach did Braque follow?
5. How did Picasso and Braque develop their friendship and create new art?
6. What new artistic strategies were applied by Picasso and Braque in painting?
7. How did the new approaches change Western art?
8. When was the first collaborative work created by to artists shown to critic?
9. What is the title of the early phase of the Cubist movement?
10. What new artistic approach was superseded after Analytical Cubism?
3. Give Ukrainian equivalents of the following words and phrases:
emergence
remarkable artist
strike up a friendship
to be anxious
to abandon conventional notions
angular figure
to discard principles
to replace a fixed perspective with multiple viewpoints
single glance
collaboration
accepted name
to showcase the work
to supersede
familiar
a fake wood-grain pattern
a wallpaper swatch
4. Give English equivalents of the following words and phrases:
зображати світ зовсім по-різному
початок сучасного мистецтва
критичний
однакова площина
хвалитися ідеями один перед одним
не позначений
прізвисько
відкидати принципи
створити відчуття відстані
обмежений колір
рівний простір
співробітництво
невтомний
виставляти на показ
трафаретний надпис
5. Make up sentences of your own with the given words and phrases.
6. Match a word in A with a word in B.
A |
B |
dawn |
a hasty or brief look, peep |
anxious |
involving a final or supremely important decision or event, decisive, critical |
crucial |
limited or confined |
uncharted |
to try to find by searching, look for |
to discard |
worried and tense because of possible misfortune, danger, etc., uneasy |
restricted |
not yet mapped, surveyed, or investigated |
to seek |
to take the place of |
glance |
daybreak, sunrise, the beginning of something |
collaboration |
the act of working with another or others on a joint project |
to supersede |
to get rid of as useless or undesirable |
7. Summarize the text in English. Unit 41 text
The new science of psychoanalysis inspires artists to paint from their imaginations
The theories of Sigmund Freud were intended primarily for the medical world, but they also had an important impact on many artists, who used them to create images to suggest the inner workings of the human mind.
Sigmund Freud, the founder of psychoanalysis, stressed the importance of exploring childhood memories and the unconscious mind, believing that these could provide the key to identifying repressed desires and alleviating neuroses. He developed a number of methods for probing the unconscious, most notably by looking for the hidden meaning in dreams, and using the technique of free association.
Freud's radical ideas and insights inevitably affected the work of artists, and particularly those in the Surrealist movement. Andre Breton, the author of the Surrealist manifesto, visited Freud in Vienna in 1921. He became fascinated by the creative possibilities of releasing the unconscious mind and he hoped that artists would merge "the previously contradictory conditions of dream and reality into an absolute reality, a super-reality." Freud used dream images as a means of decoding past experience, while for Breton the dream was the experience. The Surrealists experimented with "automatic" art, trying to suppress conscious control over the hand, while drawing or painting. They hoped this would enable the unconscious mind to take over, as in the psychoanalyst's technique of free association. They also tried to tap into what they saw as non-rational sources of imagery by studying the art of children and the mentally disturbed.
Of all the Surrealists, Salvador Dali derived the most from Freud. He read Freud's The Interpretation of Dreams as a student, hailing it as "one of the capital discoveries of my life." He devised a special technique for creating his
23 The Persistence of Memory
Salvador Dali, 1931
Surrealism
"hand-painted dream photographs." In what he called his "paranoiac-critical" method, he tried to simulate the mental confusion of a paranoiac, in order to
to bring out the hidden meanings behind his dreams and memories.
Many of Dali's paintings possess a dreamlike quality of flux and distortion, although it is unclear just how intentionally he was striving for this effect. In The Persistence of Memory, for example, the imagery came from a variety of different sources, and was built up over a period of time. By the artist's own account, the painting began as a landscape of a stretch of coastline close to his home. For a while, Dali's imagination stalled. Then one evening, after eating a ripe Camembert cheese with some friends, the idea of the soft watches suddenly came to him, and he was able to finish the picture quickly. The insects stemmed from a childhood memory, when he witnessed a swarm of ants consuming the decomposing body of a lizard. This image of decay is echoed in the melting watches, which also allude to the passage of time, and with it the fading of memories.
Some of Dali's imagery hinted at more sexual Freudian themes. The lurid, mouthless face, partly a self-portrait and partly a copy of a local rock formation, had already appeared in an earlier painting, The Great Masturbator. In addition, the flaccid forms of the watches, and the broken, phallic stump of the olive tree, have been interpreted as symbolic of the artist's fear of impotence.
TASKS