1. Read the text and translate it into Ukrainian.
2. Answer the following questions:
1. What did the invention of photography challenge artists to do?
2. What did J.M.W. Turner declare after the invention of photography?
3. What were positive benefits from the invention of photography?
4. What could a photograph capture?
5. What does “halation” mean?
6. What enabled artists to see things that were not visible to the naked eye?
7. How did artists’ animal painting improve due to photography?
8. How did photography alter the way of constructing painters’ compositions?
9. How did Edgar Degas often depict human figures in his art?
10. What was one of the most important impacts of photography?
3. Give Ukrainian equivalents of the following words and phrases:
daguerreotype photographs
amazing invention
to undermine painting
to echo remark
to be fascinated by
foliage
halation
to convey
insight and naturalism
sequence
to alter the way
self-contained unit
clear and balanced manner
instant
to adopt a more informal approach
to gaze at
to capture detail
sufficiently
loose
mere naturalism
4. Give English equivalents of the following words and phrases:
кидати виклик
допомога та натхнення
руйнувати живопис
проголошувати початок
здобувати позитивну користь
затьмарений
невиразний
рухатися обережно
бути невидимим для неозброєного ока
яскраво показувати
помилковість
змінювати напрям
образи сконцентровані на краю картини
художня майстерність
вважати некомпетентним
згодом
5. Make up sentences of your own with the given words and phrases.
6. Match a line in A with a line in B.
A |
B |
to undermine |
to have need of, depend on, to make necessary |
outset |
made or become vague or less distinct |
to derive |
to weaken gradually or insidiously |
to require |
to judge or consider |
blurred |
very brightly |
bustling |
an incorrect or misleading notion or opinion based on inaccurate facts or invalid reasoning |
vividly |
a limit, boundary |
fallacy |
hurrying or causing to hurry with a great show of energy |
confine |
a start , beginning |
to deem |
to draw or be drawn in source or origin, to obtain by reasoning |
7. Summarize the text in English. Unit 39 text
The impressionists change the way artists paint the world around them
By going into the landscape to paint, the Impressionists were able to create new, fresher depictions of nature.
Prior to the nineteenth century, paintings were mainly produced in the artist's studio. Artists might sketch individual details outdoors, but these were only used as part of the preparatory process. Back in the studio, these details were carefully rearranged to form a realistic, highly finished, well-balanced composition.
Gradually, painters began to want to represent precise effects of light and weather. In the 1820s, John Constable sketched a detailed series of cloud studies, noting down the time of day and the prevailing wind to pinpoint the precise weather conditions. J. M. W. Turner asked to be lashed to a ship's mast in a storm to get a real sense of the sea at its wildest. Eugene Boudin argued that artists should paint outdoors, because "everything painted on the spot has a strength, a power, a vividness that cannot be recaptured in the studio."
Boudin was a friend and mentor of the young Claude Monet, who adopted the practice of open-air painting with enthusiasm, making it one of the cornerstones of his style and that of the other Impressionists. It appealed, above all, to their desire for a direct approach to nature. They avoided historical scenes or moral messages in their canvases, insisting that artists should concentrate on capturing the colour intensity of the visual world before their eyes.
The Impressionist artists were fortunate that this belief coincided with the advent of technological advances that simplified painting outdoors. The availability of zinc paint tubes transformed their working methods. Previously, artists had been obliged to mix their own pigments and oils in small batches that dried up if not used quickly. The new, readymade colours were both easy to use and portable. In addition, the spread of the railways enabled the Impressionists to make day trips out of Paris, in search of suitable settings for their pictures,
21 Poppies
Claude Monet, 1873