2.6.8.1 Plumbing Materials

They are two main type of pipes used in plumbing such as:

- Steel pipes

-Plastic pipes

• Steel pipe: cast iron, wrought iron, steel, copper bass zinc, lead, GI pipe PVC etc

• Plastic pipe: copper & stainless steel

Pipes sizes

- 6 mm, 8 mm 10 mm – special – copper & stainless

- 13 mm, 20, 25, 32, 40 mm – Domestic water

- 50, 75,100,125, mm –water main /sub-main

2.6.8.2 Pipe Connection (Joints)

Fitting for Pipe Joints

1. Coupling: used to joint pipe of the some diameter en a straight line, for lengthening purpose.

2 .reduces: use to joint two pipe in different diameter

3. Bend: for changing the direction of the pipe

4. Elbow: for changing the direction of at right angle

5. Cross: used to the main line on two opposite direction et right angle to one another

6. Tee: used to make a branch right angle to the main line

7. Flange: used for faming the two ends of pipes with bolts & mub

8. Plug: used to black closed up the pipe on the ends, has square nick for a spanner to ratece for tightening or openings.

9. Union: It consist of three parts which are assembled together it facilitates.

10. Stop glob value: where there are many branches it is fitted for contracting the flow of liquid. The fluid may be stopped or allowed in any quality according to the hand wheel.

11. Cock tap value: - used to control the flour or cut the flour (stops)

N.B: Pipe: a pipe is hallow cylindrical component having a small wall thickness but the smaller diameter pipe below 12 mm (1/2) are called tubs

2.6.9 Electrical Installation

Introduction

Electricity is known as a basic necessity of life it is usually generated at power station by national company (EWSA) and distributed to individual uses on a national grid. The grid consists of the over head cables on steel pylon that run across the countryside when the grid reaches a community the distribution is carried on underground and over ground cables to individual plots

The electricity supply company usually brings the service cable from the local distribution net mark into building where it installs the main switch fuse and the meters. The rest of the installation is the responsibility of the contraction and qualified electrician When this mark is completed then the responsibility for maintain the installation transfer to the owner of the building the electricity cheeks that the in circuit are properly installed and lather before the building is officially connected to the main supply this chapter discusses the main principal of electricity installation in a men building as well as simple electrical theory.

The supply in a house pass from the meter to a distribution panel called a consumer unit which you can see in the supply branches inside that the unit to feed several small cables which form the circuit in the consumer unit is protected by a fuse which has fixed value for lights and electrical equipment each unit the consumer unit is protected by a fuse which has a fixed value.

• 5 amps

• 10 amps

• 20 amps

• 30 amps

The fuse value should be matched to the anticipated current in the unit.

Examples:

• Lookers are 30 amps

• Water heater are 15 amps

• Paver sockets on a ring main are 20 amps

• Lighting units are 5 amps

CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY

Introduction

Construction theory is accompanied with practice, due to that raison this part show charley the motel construction by the beginning works to the ends (finishing works).

3.1 Site Works

The site works include all works done before a construction begin such as

1. Site investigation

2. Surveying the site

3. Clearing the site

4. Excavation

5. Setting out the building

3.1.1 Site Investigation

After the site investigation we are obtained the fallowing information:

• The area of our site is 50x50m²

• The site is characterized by glasses plantations

• The types of soil which is sand soil

• The site is phone

3.1.2 Surveying the Site

We are stated the surveying works offer the site investigation and was giving us the fallowing data:

-Bench mark 1320 m located at Cyasemakamba

-We got a sloped site according to bench mark

Surveying Tools

In our surveying works we prepare to use level machine as tools of machine

3.1.3 Clearing the Site

Because our site has the glasses plantation, by clearing we removed them with using panga

Excavation

Tools used in excavation:

For the removing of the top soil and reducing the levels we are helped by

Mechanical shovels

For push the excavated soil and putting up nearby the used tools bulldozes

• Size of excavated site: 50 x 50 m²

• The depth: 30 m

• The volume of exacted soil = 50x50x0.3 m³= 750m³