2.6.2.1 Type of mortar used for plastering

i .lime mortar

ii .cement mortar

iii .lime cement mortar

2.6.2.2 Types of Plaster Finishes

• Smooth coat finish

• Sand faced finish

• Rough coat finish

• Pebble dash or dry dash finish

• Depeter finish

You may apply one two or three coats of plaster to achieve a smooth finish three coats are only used if the surface is extremely uneven the first coat in a three coat finish called a screed coat is applied to level the surface and to ensure that the plaster is correct thickness

Two Coat Plaster

Base coat; is a roughly finished leveling coat of plaster applied over masonry it refers to any plaster coat applied before the finish coat.

Finish coat; is the final coat of saving either as a finished surface or as a Bose for decoration

Three Coat Plaster

Scratch coat: is a first coat in three coat plaster which must adhere firmly and rocked to provide a better board for second or Brown coat

Brown coat: is roughly finished leveling coat in three coats plaster

The finish coat: is the final coat of plaster like the finish coat of two coat plaster

Preparing surface for plastering

If you need to plaster a smooth surface the first is to provide enough key for the plaster and to wash off all traces and hack for birch work you need to remove any projection and clean the surface which a stiff brush similar to plastering black work

2.6.2.3 Plastering Materials

• Cement

• Sand

• Gypsum

2.6.2.4 Tools for the Plaster

Plastering require these tools

A bucket to carry the plaster mixture

hawk which: is a small board to hold the plaster which you put it on wall or ceiling

A wood flat: to apply plaster and smooth render coat

A steel flat: smooth the final coat

A screed board : which is straight piece of timber to level the plaster between screed

Scaffolds: to make a plaster form for working at the top of wall and on the ceiling

2.6.2.5 Defect in Plastering

The following defects may arise in plaster work

Blistering of plastered surface: this is the formation of small patches of plaster

Cracking: cracking consist of deformation of crack or fissures in the plaster work

Crazing: it is the formation of a series of hair cracks on plastered surface

Efflorescence: It is the whitish crystalline substance which appear on the surface due to presence of salts in plaster making material ourselves material like brutes, sand, cement etc even water

Flaking: it is formation of very loose mass of plastered surface due to poor band between successive coots

2.6.3 Pointing

The term pointing is applied to the finishing of mortar joint in masonry , in exposed masonry, joint are considered to be the weakest and most vulnerable spots from which rain water or dampness can enter

2.6.3.1 Types of Pointing

• flush pointing

• recessed pointing

• rubbed pointing

• beaded pointing

• struck pointing

• truck pointing

• pointing

• 

• Pointing is done with the following mater mites

• line mortar

• cement mortar

2.6.3.2 Method of Pointing

After preparing the surface clearing and meeting the joints as decreed mortar is carefully placed in desired shape in those joints

The mortar is pressed to bring perfect contact between the old interior mortar of joints and new mortar

The pointed surface is kept net for at lent a week or till it sets after application

2.6.4 Flooring

Flooring is a construction structural which the purpose is to provide a level surface capable to support the occupants of building, furniture, equipments and sometimes internal portions.

To perform the purpose above, the floor must satisfy the following requirement:

• Strength and stability

• Adequate fire resistance

• Sand insulation

• Damps resistance

• Thermal insulation