Variant 3
Exercise 1. Provide written forms:
a) numerals:
7.241 meters, 3.152 tons, ½ km, 6.098.237 miles, 4.008 miles, 46.506.009 feet, 8.05 tons, 0.9 mile, 2.5metres, ¼ kilos, 35/8 miles, 0.5 km, 76.770.501 miles.
b) dates:
in 1998; January 22, 2016; 25th May 1987; 7/28/1998; 1980’s.
c) chemical formulas and equations:
4HCL; Zn + CuSo4 = Cu + Zn So4.
Exercise 2. Translate the sentences, paying special attention to terms, proper names, shortened words, pseudo-international words, weights and measures:
1) Thanks to a resourceful Canadian, scientists have obtained a 4.5-billion-year-old relic of the solar system’s beginnings. On January 18 a 50-ton meteorite exploded over Canada’s Yukon Territory. Soon afterward a resident of the sparsely populated area found some crumbly black rocks on the snow-covered ground. He placed them in plastic bags and kept them frozen until he could contact a geologist.
2) The 10-inch rubber hose is connected to a 10-inch steel pipe line leading to a r.-c. 100,000-gallon storage tank.
Exercise 3. Find the meaning of the following word combinations. Mind the “misleading words”:
1. banking officers; 2. public debt; 3. interest rate; 4. convention of the Entrepreneurs Union; 5. personnel department; 6. champion of piece; 7. ammunition storage; 8. null document; 9. legal matters; 10. accurate data; 11. title and position; 12. human values.
Exercise 4. Express the following word combinations in English, using the synonymic terms "apparatus", "device", "instrument", 'mechanism":
затискувальний пристрій, підйомник, підйомний пристрій, підйомний механізм, вантажний пристрій, передавач, передавальний механізм, рентгенівська установка (апарат), розрахунковий пристрій, лічильний механізм, обчислювальний пристрій, лічильний прилад, прецизійний (високоточний) прилад, кодуючий пристрій, електронний прилад, електронний вимірювальний прилад.
Exercise 5. Pair the words-synonyms. Find their Ukrainian equivalents:
Courtesy, alike, couple, response, subject, achieve, additional, position, aim, try, essential, accommodation, obligation, allow, supplement, rapid, income, officer, objective, tranquil.
Politeness, similar, calm, obtain, reply, extra, attempt, extremely important, surcharge, lodging, pair, job, permit, speedy, revenue, official, duty.
Exercise 6. Render the following sentences into Ukrainian. Pay attention to the international words and misleading words.
All examples are taken from actual texts.
This is dramatically illustrated by Ecrics.
The articles are arranged according to subject matter rather than chronology.
In addition to the work mentioned above, the volume contains six studies originally published in English.
The present notation is inaccurate and, in some cases, confusing.
The book concludes with a brief account of the renewed interests in Newton during recent decades.
The studies here range from the Middle Ages to the present, and offer a combination of general surveys along with detailed investigations of specific aspects.
Computers are something thought – unjustifiably – to demand deep technical knowledge or proficiency in mathematics and electronics. In actuality, computers, like any other discipline, inspire different levels of expertise.
The victory of the popular revolution in Cuba has become a splendid example for the people of Latin America.
As they realize in the fight for dramatic reforms, large sections of the population come to realize the necessity of unity of actions with the working class and become more active politically.
Exercise 7. Read and translate the following Text “Lasers”. Give a summary of the text.
A device that has received a great deal of publicity is the laser light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation. This device produces beam of light composed of waves that are both monochromatic (all of one wavelength) and coherent (all in the same phase - that is all the peaks coinciding). These properties able the beam to be used as a source of considerable energy at sharply defined point, for welding, eye surgery, and similar applications. Because the beam is also extremely parallel, diverging very much less than ordinary light, it is used in space communications a laser beam that has travelled the quarter of million miles to the moon is still narrow enough to be useful.
The principle on which the laser works derives from an earlier device called the maser, which operates at microwave frequencies rather than optical frequencies. This principle is based on simulated emission that is, the emission of a photon by an atom in an excited state as the result of the impact of a photon from outside of exactly equal energy. In this way the stimulating photon is augmented by the photon from the excited atom.
Thus if an atom in a substance is excited it will emit a photon to bring it back to the ground state, if it is stimulated (hit) by a photon containing energy, equal to the difference between the excited and ground states. If a high proportion of the atoms in a substance is pumped to an excited state there is an avalanche effect. A stimulating photon from outside is doubled the first time it hits an excited atom, the two photons resulting then go on to double again by impacts with other excited atoms, and so on. All the photons have exactly equal energy, and are therefore associated with waves of identical wavelength.
A laser consists of a solid or gaseous active medium in which the majority of the atoms can be pumped to an excited state by exposing them to electromagnetic radiation of a different frequency to the stimulating frequency. The active medium consist of (or in the case of a gas is contained in) a transparent cylinder which acts as a resonant cavity the stimulated waves °f the same frequency making repeated passages up and down the cylinder.