Variant 2
Exercise 1. Provide written forms:
a) numerals:
7.008.568 miles; 4.673 tons; 3.706 metres; ½ inch; 2 1/3 tons; 4 ½ cm; 35/8 miles; 953.385 kilometres; 73.573.501 miles.
b) dates: in 2567; March 20, 1998; 18th May, 1986; 9/18/2015; 1950’s.
c) mathematical symbols and expressions: 3x-5=25; 3x3 +5=8; a>b 64×10=640; 15:3=5; 75; √125.
Exercise 2. Read and give Ukrainian equivalents of the following international words:
Potential, conservation, productivity, intensive, natural, character, modern, effect, extensive, universal, priority, total, reconstruction, scale, integrate, peak, transmission, distance, manufacture, national, concentration, primitive, utility, expressive, personal, exterior, dynamic, application, concept, assembly, radically, safe, interference, composition, coding, detective, sensitive, to register.
Exercise 3. Use the words "advanced", "leading", “progressive" to translate the following Ukrainian word-combinations:
Передова наука, прогресивні ідеї, прогресивна технологія, прогресивна людина, прогресивний письменник, передовий робітник, передова бригада, передова стаття, провідний інженер, провідний, прогресивне людство, поглиблений курс.
Exercise 3. Arrange the following words in pairs according to:
a) similar meaning (synonyms): exploration, cosmos, modern, change, launch, humanity, conquest, artificial, breakthrough, spaceman, open, send, man-made, cosmonaut, outer space, up-to-date, mankind, achievement, begin, turn into;
b) opposite meaning (antonyms): late, near, advanced, complex, early, old, swift, long, short, slow, few, new, artificial, backward, simple, many, far, natural.
Exercise 4. Render the following sentences into Ukrainian. Pay attention to the translation of titles and personal names:
1. Peter Schwarz, former head of the London Stock Exchange, illustrates the reformational nature of the planetary economy by noting that international foreign exchange transactions)reached 87 trillion dollars in 1986, trade being only about 10 percent of that sum.
2. Such projects as the Strategic Defense Initiative or Star Wars have as their ultimate goal giving the USA absolute strategic superiority.
3. I spent most of my vacation in 1950 studying the first 354 pages of R.G.D. Allen's "Mathematical Analysis for Economists", because Professor Milton Friedman said I needed calculus to take Kris University of Chicago course in price theory. This paper was originally presented at the 79th Annual Meeting of the Communications Association in Miami Beach, FL, Nov. 18-21,1993, as part of a program entitled "Communication, Education, and Culture: Perspectives on the Scholarly Activity of Neil Postman".
4. He once was the Co-director of the Institute for Health, Behavior, and Environmental Policy at the University of Ohio.
5. When I was teaching at the University of California Berkeley Law School, at a Lake Arrowhead conference I ran into important IBM executive.
6. Scientists at SIBLA, the corporate spin-off of the Balk Institute for Biotechnology La Jolla, California, are preparing to commercialize the first predictive diagnostic tests for Alzheimer disease.
7. In a paper reported in the Journal of the Institution of Engineers, Australia, Alan Price states that it is a mistaken idea that road corrugation results from the frictional action of motor car wheels.
8. On April 30 the U.S. responded to the French plan by detonating a nuclear bomb in a tunnel at the US Department of Energy Nevada Test Site.
9. The World Space Congress brings together scientists from the Committee Research and the Astronautical federation.
10. Tethered Satellite System is a cooperative undertaking with NASA, to be operated with its space shuttle.
Exercise 5. Translate the follow word-combinations into Ukrainian.
Various means of generating energy, a new idea of applying low temperatures, great interest in modifying old equipment, the reason for launching new space rockets, to prevent smbd from using glass plastics, to object to extracting metals from these ores.
Exercise 6. Form the proper English equivalents of the following Ukrainian words and word-combinations, using the word "power":
енергетика, виробництво електроенергії, споживання електроенергії, атомна електростанція, електростанція, енергопостачання, енергія поділу ядра, термоядерна енергія, реактивна сила, ядерна держава.
Exercise 7. Read and translate the following text “Semiconductors”. Give a summary of the text.
The term “semiconductor” means “half-conductor”, that is, a material whose conductivity ranges between that of conductors and non-conductors or insulators.
They include great variety of elements (silicon, germanium, selenium, phosphorus and others), many chemical compounds (oxides, sulphides) as well as numerous ores and minerals.
While the conductivity of metals is very little influenced by temperature, conductivity of semiconductors sharply increases with heating and falls with cooling. This dependence has opened great prospects for employing semiconductors in measuring techniques.
Light as well as heat increases the conductivity of semiconducting materials, this principle being used in creating photo resistances. It is also widely applied for switching on engines, for counting parts on a conveyer belt, as well as various systems of emergency signals and for reproducing sound in cinematography. Besides reacting to light, semiconductors react to all kinds of radiations and are therefore employing in designing electronic counters.
Engineers and physicists turned their attention to semiconductors more than fifty years ago, seeing in them the way of solving complicated engineering problems. Converting heat into electricity without using boilers or other machines was one of them. This could be done as means of metal thermocouples, but in this way impossible to convert more than a few tenths of one per cent of the heat into electricity. The thermocouples made later of conductors more generated ten times as much electricity as the metal ones.
Sunlight like heat can feed our electric circuit. Photocells made of semiconducting materials are capable of transforming ten per cent of sunray energy into electric power. By burning wood, which has accumulated the same amount of solar energy, we obtained only heat fractions of one per cent of electric power.
The electricity generated by semiconductor thermocouples can produce not only heat but also cold, this principle being used in manufacturing refrigerators.
Semiconducting materials are also excellent means of maintaining a constant temperature irrespective of the surrounding temperature changes. The latter can vary over a wide range, for example, from 50° below 0° to 100° above 0°.
Semiconductors are the youngest field of physical science. Yet even now they are determining the progress of radio engineering, automation, chemistry, electrical engineering and many other fields of science and technique