Card 18. Difficulties during operation

The exhaust temperature increases on one individual cylinder.

Cause:

1. Defective fuel valve or atomizer.

2. Leakage in exhaust valve.

3. Blow-lack or other leakage in combustion chamber.

4. Incorrect setting of fuel pump cam.

The exhaust temperature decreases on one individual cylinder.

Cause:

1. Air pockets in the fuel pump and/or fuel valve.

2. The spindle in the fuel valve is sticking.

3. The suction valve in the fuel pump is defective.

4. A fuel pump piston is sticking or is leaking.

Smoky exhaust at increased load.

Cause:

1. The speed of the turbocharger does not correspond to the speed of the crankshaft.

2. The supply of combustion air is inadequate.

3. Defective fuel valves or atomizers.

4. Failure in nozzle cooling.

5. Fire in scavenging air box.

air pockets - воздушные пробки

smoky exhaust - дымный выхлоп

failure in cooling - отказ системы охлаждения

scavenging air box - баллон продувочного воздуха

Card 19. Difficulties during operation

AutoChief III is a main engine bridge control system for single engine plant with fixed propeller. It is designed for engines having extensive pneumatic maneuvering equipment delivered as part of the engine in order to get the maximum benefit from the engine standard system. Norcontrol speed-set unit controls set point to main engine standard governor.

AutoChief III is an electronic-pneumatic system, using electrical signal transmission from bridge to engine room and between sensors and the central unit. Starting, reversing and speed are controlled directly by a maneuvering handle on the bridge which also has built-in emergency telegraph system. The engine is automatically protected against rough maneuvering.

The engine-room panel, which is normally located near by existing manual maneuvering system, contains necessary test and simulating facilities. The electronic logic is concentrated on a minimum number of cards, which results in low spare part costs.

to get the maximum benefit - получить максимальную пользу

built-in system - встроенная система

rough maneuvering - резкое маневрирование

test and simulating facilities - устройства проверки и имитации

spare part costs - стоимость запчастей

reversing is confirmed by - реверс подтверждается

starting attempts - попытки пуска

failure alarm - сигнал отказа

failed start - неудавшийся пуск

B.C. loop-bridge control loop - контур системы дистанционного управления

pick-up type system - система датчиков

Card 20. Gravity separators used on tankers

Some years ago, tankers routinely dumped the oil polluted water used during non-cargo legs for ballast and tank cleaning. This practice, pollution aside, resulted in millions of lost cargo. A process developed in the early 60's known as “load-on-top" (LOT) greatly reduced these product losses and lessened the resultant pollution.

In the LOT process, which is now believed to be practised on most carriers, the oil water mixture left over from gashing cargo tanks is collected in designated cargo slop tanks. The mixture is allowed to set in these tanks until most of the water being heavier than the oil, settles to the bottom. The water is then pumped overboard until just before the oil-water interface is reached. Water in tanks which have not been cleaned before taking on ballast is also allowed to settle before pumping out the separated water.

The oil-water mixture left in these dirty ballast tanks is then pumped into the slop tanks for further settling and removal of water. The oil- and oily-water residue left in the slop tanks is retained and becomes part of the new cargo that is "loaded on top".

annex - приложение

regulation - правило

definition - определение

oil refuge - нефтяные осадки

refined products - очищенные продукты

foregoing - вышесказанное

to include - включать