Вариант 6

I. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо

1. They live in Lynton, ... small village in Devonshire.

2. Then ...second case came in, ... woman of forty-five, Miss Basden, one of ... most faithful of his followers.

3. He had ... miserable lunch all alone.

4. He hasn’t been to ... bed all night.

5. They had two children, one of them still at ... school, ... other in her first year at ... university.

II. Вставьте some, any, no или их производные, где необходимо

1. She has ... mistakes in her test.

2. Do we have ... chalk on the blackboard?

3. Did you meet ... on your way to school?

4. We did not know ... about his problems: he told us ... .

5. He has ... English books in this bookcase.

III. Раскройте скобки, употребляя требующуюся форму прилагательного

1. Bobby was a (quiet) child.

2. He was (quiet) than his sister.

3. What is the name of the (big) port in the United States?

4. He worked (hard) and (hard) as the end of the term came nearer.

5. He was the (fat) man in the village.

IV. Перепишите предложения, раскрывая скобки и употребляя глаголы в требующемся времени

1. Where they (to go) if the weather (to be) fine?

2. It (to be) cold in autumn. It often (to rain).

3. We (not to rest) yesterday.

4. Every spring birds (to come) to our garden and (to sing) in the trees.

5. What your brother (to do) tomorrow?

V. Переведите текст письменно на русский язык

Money

Money is one of man's greatest inventions and the fact that all but the least developed of human societies use money indicates that it is an essential tool of civilisation. In the absence of some form of money, exchange may take the form of barter which is the direct exchange of goods and services for goods and services. Barter will serve man's requirements quite adequately when he provides most of his needs directly and relies upon market exchanges for very few of the things he wants. As the extent of specialisation increases, the barter system proves very inefficient and frus­trating. In the simplest societies each family will provide by its own efforts most of its needs and perhaps some small sur­pluses. A farmer will exchange any small surplus of food, wool or hides for the surpluses of other producers. But this system of exchange becomes very cumbersome as econom­ic activities become more specialised. A specialist metal worker must seek out a large number of other specialists in order to obtain, by barter, the variety of goods he needs to satisfy his daily wants.

The great disadvantage of barter is the fact that it depends upon a 'double coincidence of wants'. A hunter who wants to exchange his skins for corn must find, not merely a person who wants skins, but someone who wants skin and has a surplus of corn for disposal. The alternative is to exchange his skins for some other article and they carry out a series of similar exchanges until he finally gets his corn. Time and energy which could be devoted to production is spent on a laborious system of exchange.

Quite early in his history man discovered a much more otivenient arrangement. The use of some commodity as a medium of exchange makes exchange triangular and removes the major difficulty of the barter system. If a com­modity is generally acceptable in exchange for goods and services, it is money. A producer now exchanges his goods for money and the money can be exchanged for whatever goods and services he requires.