ПОЛИМЕР

They include for instance

•the so-called nanostructured materials.

•The preparation of a single material or a blend of materials can be performed in such a way that

crystal domains or phases

•are formed at nanoscale

•which as a function of their size

•can alter materials properties significantly.

just the introduction of nanoholes into a homopolymer can significantly change mechanical properties of this material.

Block-copolymers, where micro-phase segregation occurs at molecular level, should also be considered

here.

If newly formed phases are anisotropic at nano, micro, or macro scale, this again will modify properties in a particular way

They include for instance

•the so-called nanostructured materials.

•The preparation of a single material or a blend of materials can be performed in such a way that

crystal domains or phases

•are formed at nanoscale

•which as a function of their size

•can alter materials properties significantly.

Masalan, nanoteshiklarni gomopolimerga kiritish mexanik xususiyatlarini sezilarli darajada o'zgartiradi

Sopolimerlarni bloklash, mikro fazali ajratish molekulyar

darajada sodir bo'lgan joyda ham e'tiborga sazovor

Agar yangi hosil bo'lgan fazalar nano, mikro yoki makro miqyosda anizotrop bo'lsa, bu xususiyatlarni ma'lum bir tarzda o'zgartiradi

The addition or in situ synthesis of nanoparticles,

•which often are formed from inorganic components,

•can introduce new functionalities

•In many cases already at very low concentrations of those particles a significant change of properties is observed.

nanocomposites offer

•conductive or magnetic materials to optically active or mechanically reinforced materials for instance.

•Some nanocomposites are already

known since a long time,

•which includes automotive tires filled with carbon black or colored glasses containing metal nanoparticles.

•New multifunctional formulations are now on the way, which include self-repairing composites or materials with sensing properties.

Ko'pincha noorganik tarkibiy qismlardan hosil bo'lgan nanozarrachalar qo'shilishi yoki joyida sintezi yangi funktsiyalarni keltirib chiqarishi mumkin.

Ko'pgina holatlarda zarrachalarning juda past konsentratsiyasida xossalarning sezilarli o'zgarishi kuzatiladi.

Ushbu nanokompozitlar Supero'tkazuvchilar yoki magnit materiallardan tortib optik faol yoki mexanik mustahkamlangan materiallarga qadar ko'plab imkoniyatlarni taklif etadi.

Ba'zi nanokompozitlar uzoq vaqtdan beri ma'lum, ular tarkibida uglerod qora-kuya yoki rangli oynalar.

O'z-o'zidan tuzatuvchi kompozitlar yoki sezgir xususiyatlarga ega materiallar - ko'p funktsional formulalar - hozirda tayyorlanmoqda.

nano-sized and isolated nanoscale objects

nanoscopicaly thin platelets

Ultra-thin mats

•of electro-spun polymer nanofibers used for pollution filters are an example

•as well as nanowhiskers of cellulose.

surface properties.

• Those surface properties can be tuned by a thin nanoscopic coating.

Smart surfaces

• then even may change properties in response to an

nanofibers

adaptive to environmental conditions