VI. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту

1. Have you ever watched building of a house?

2. Where are the foundation walls constructed?

3. Which part of the building does its stability depend on?

4. What must the architect or designer decide?

5. Who usually draws the plans for the house?

6. What are the functions of the foundation?

7. What materials may be used in constructing floors?

8. What materials are used for the wall construction?

Задания для самостоятельной работы Вариант 3

1. Сопоставьте слова

1)stair	a) лестничный марш, пролет
2) staircase	b) промежуточный
3) spiral	c) ограждающая конструкция
4) flight	d) лестничная площадка
5) vertical circulation	e) геометрическая форма
6) particular	f) перемещение в вертикальной плоскости
7) enclosure	g) лестничная клетка, лестница
8) geometry	h) лестница
9) landing	i) спиральный, винтовой
10) quarter-space	j) особый, исключительный

2. Переведите на русский язык приведенные ниже слова

Multi-storey (adj.), similar (adj.), direction (n.), perform (v.), building (n.), distinction (n.), fixed (adj.), use (v.), escalator (n.), storey (n.).

3. Переведите на английский язык приведенные ниже слова

Лифт, подъемник; , место, пространство; , прямой; , угол; , изогнутый; , последовательный; , устройство, сооружение; , доступный; , ступень(ка); , длина.

4. Переведите на русский язык приведенные ниже предложения

1. Floors are connected by flights of stairs.

2. A single flight of stairs is a very rare thing.

3. All angles should be right.

4. Pay attention to the changes of direction.

5. Landings and flights are parts of a fixed straight staircase.

6. Staircases with straight flights are the most common form of stairs.

7. This building takes up a lot of space on plan.

8. Depending on the requirements, we can use different tools.

9. The design of this building is very difficult.

10. We must know all architectural requirements.

4. Переведите текст

STAIRCASES

Stairs are used for vertical circulation in buildings. A distinction must be made between fixed stairs and escalators. Ramps and lifts may perform similar functions.

Depending on the available space, or the architectural requirements, stairs may be straight, curved or spiral on plan. The most frequent type is the staircase with straight flights.

In the design of stairs we should pay particular attention to the following problems: the geometry of the staircase; the construction of its components; the vertical enclosure of the staircase.

The fixed straight staircase comprises flights and landings. A series of more than three steps is a flight. For reasons of safety the length of a flight should be limited to about 18 steps. Two floors in a multi-storey building are rarely connected by a single flight of stairs. If the successive flights are at right angles to one another the landing at each change of direction is known as a quarter-space landing. With two flights per storey, this is the most common form of construction and takes up the least space on plan.