12.2 Прочитай, переведи текст video game developer education requirements и заполни пропуски следующими словами и выражениями:

8. programming languages,

9. gaming industry,

10. project management,

11. practical,

12. consulting,

13. technical sciences,

14. game programming.

A game programmer's education should start with a bachelor's degree in computer science with an emphasis in C++ programming language, computer architecture and software design, knowledge of mathematics or other 1) ______. Advanced degrees in computer game programming are found at many universities, but 2) ______ experience working at a game company is far more desirable. In addition to computer and math skills, they should take advantage of courses in communications, business, 3) ______ and marketing. While not directly necessary for 4) ______, these skills will become useful as your career advances.

Although it may be difficult to enter the video 5) ______, internship opportunities from companies like Sony and EA Games may provide valuable experience and connections that can help aspiring video game programmers secure a job after graduating. Most colleges and universities post internship listings, so applicants may consider visiting the career center and 6) ______ with a counselor. Aside from knowledge of C++, being skilled in other 7) ______, such as Python or Lua, may help college students get an internship.

12.3 Прочитай, переведи текст languages and tools и определи, являются ли данные утверждения правдой или ложью:

1. Most computer games are written in Pascal and Delphi languages.

2. Python is compiling language.

3. Ruby and Lua are usually used to code AI actions.

4. Scripts are usually compiled during the game.

5. Most part of AI and hi-level logic rewritten in compiled language.

6. Java is also used for PC games.

7. Most of browser games are written in Adobe Flash.

Most commercial computer and video games are written primarily in C++, C, and some assembly language

Various script languages, like Ruby, Lua and Python, are also used for the generation of content such as gameplay and especially AI. Scripts are generally parsed at load time (when the game or level is loaded into main memory) and then executed at runtime (via logic branches or other such mechanisms). They are generally not executed by an interpreter, which would result in much slower execution. Scripts tend to be used selectively, often for AI and high-level game logic. Some games are designed with high dependency on scripts and some scripts are compiled to binary format before game execution. In the optimization phase of development, some script functions will often be rewritten in a compiled language.

Java is used for many web browser based games because it is cross-platform, does not usually require installation by the user, and poses fewer security risks, compared to a downloaded executable program. Java is also a popular language for mobile phone based games. Adobe Flash is also a popular development tool for browser-based games using the ActionScript language.

12.4 Прочитай, переведи текст INDIVIDUAL DISCIPLINES OF GAME DEVELOPER и заполни пропуски: Graphics, Scripting, Input processing, Gameplay, Physics, Sound, Game tools, Artificial intelligence, User interface, Network communications.

A game programmer is a software engineer who primarily develops video games or related software (such as game development tools). The game's codebase development is handled by programmers. There are usually one to several lead programmers, who implement the game's starting codebase and overview future development and programmer allocation on individual modules.

Individual programming disciplines roles include:

1. … – the programming of the game engine, including simulating physics, collision, object movement, etc.;

2. … – producing computer agents using game AI techniques, such as scripting, planning, rule-based decisions, etc.

3. … – the managing of graphical content utilization and memory considerations; the production of graphics engine, integration of models, textures to work along the physics engine.

4. … – integration of music, speech, effect sounds into the proper locations and times.

5. … – implementation of various games rules and features (sometimes called a generalist);

6. … – development and maintenance of high-level command system for various in-game tasks, such as AI, level editor triggers, etc.

7. … – production of user interface elements, like option menus, HUDs, help and feedback systems, etc.

8. …– processing and compatibility correlation of various input devices, such as keyboard, mouse, gamepad, etc.

9. … – the managing of data inputs and outputs for local and internet gameplay.

… – the production of tools to accompany the development of the game, especially for designers and scripters.

12.5 Прочитай, переведи текст DEVELOPING A VIDEO GAME, расположи абзацы в правильном порядке и озаглавь их: A. Creating Scenes, B. Story and Character Development, C. Production and Testing, D. Developing the Idea.

Game design is a bit of a complicated process, but is much easier to follow when broken up into stages:

1. During scene creation, a scenario or set of scenarios must be developed. The main scenes vital to the story of the game are described in detail, with focus on the communication between the player and the game. This communication is vital for passing necessary information to the player in a way that does not detract from the engaging story.

2. When the concept is fully created and the sketches and ideas are completed, it's time take the game out of the imagination of the design team and turn it into a real experience. This is the stage where programmers work on the code to create all the scenes previously described. The graphics are then fine-tuned to bring the world and the characters to life.

3. During this stage of development, the player's character must be carefully considered. In order to create a successful game, the player must be able to identify with the character and want to play out his or her story. The environment around the player is also designed at this point. In order to properly create the environment, it must be determined how the player will be interacting with the game.

The first stage of game development is formulating the idea. The concept of a game is usually created by a team of designers that work together to come up with the basic idea. The genre of the game is the first thing that must be decided. Will it be a shooter, action, adventure, action-adventure, role playing, simulation, or strategy game? Once the genre is determined, developers go to work putting together the concept.