3.2 Прочитай, переведи текст software engineers и расположи абзацы в правильной последовательности:

1. Academic programs in software engineering emphasize software and may be offered as a degree option or in conjunction with computer science degrees.

2. A bachelor's degree in engineering is required for almost all entry-level engineering jobs.

3. Increasing emphasis on computer security suggests that software engineers with advanced degrees that include mathematics and systems design will be sought after by software developers, government agencies, and consulting firms specializing in information assurance and security.

4. Persons interested in jobs as computer software engineers must have strong problem-solving and analytical skills.

5. Because they often deal with a number of tasks simultaneously, they must be able to concentrate and pay close attention to detail.

6. They also must be able to communicate effectively with team members, other staff, and the customers they meet.

3.3 Прочитай, переведи текст the job of a programmer и ответьте на вопросы:

Computer systems software engineers coordinate the construction and maintenance of a company's computer systems and plan their future growth. Working with the company, they coordinate each department's computer needs - ordering, inventory, billing, and payroll recordkeeping, for example - and make suggestions about its technical direction. They also might set up the company's intranets - networks that link computers within the organization and ease communication among the various departments.

Systems software engineers work for companies that configure, implement, and install complete computer systems.

These workers may be members of the marketing or sales staff, serving as the primary technical resource for sales workers and customers. They also may be involved in product sales and in providing their customers with continuing technical support. Since the selling of complex computer systems often requires substantial customization for the purchaser's organization, software engineers help to explain the requirements necessary for installing and operating the new system in the purchaser's computing environment. In addition, systems software engineers are responsible for ensuring security across the systems they are configuring.

1) What are the software engineers?

2) What do they work with?

3) What is the company's intranets?

4) What do the comranies which the systems software engineers work for?

5) What may they be involved in?

6) What do the software engineers responsible for?

3.4 Прочитай, переведи текст the job of a programmer и озаглавь каждый пункт:

1) Almost all jobs in engineering require some sort of interaction with coworkers. Computer software engineers often work as part of a team that designs new hardware, software, and systems. A core team may comprise engineering, marketing, manufacturing, and design people, who work together until the product is released. Whether they are working in a team situation, or just asking for advice, most engineers have to have the ability to communicate and work with other people.

Engineers should be creative, inquisitive, analytical, and detail-oriented. They should be able to work as part of a team and to communicate well, both orally and in writing. Communication abilities are important because engineers often interact with specialists in a wide range of fields outside engineering. Writing and presentation skills are also vital so engineers can share their research and experiences with colleagues through topical meetings, professional associations, and various publications.

2) Computer engineers work on hardware, software and the interface between the two. They work in teams with other engineers and others from other areas to design, build, and maintain systems that incorporate or use computers. Working as a computer engineer requires expertise in both computer hardware and software, and requires the engineer to be able to recommend tradeoffs between hardware and software to create a system or product design that is cost effective and useful.

3) Software engineers usually work in offices or laboratories in comfortable surroundings. They usually work about 40 hours a week -- the same as many other professional or office workers do. As they strive to improve software for users, many computer software engineers interact with customers and coworkers. Computer software engineers who are employed by software vendors and consulting firms, for example, spend much of their time away from their offices, frequently traveling overnight to meet with customers. They call on customers in businesses ranging from manufacturing plants to financial institutions. As networks expand, software engineers may be able to use modems, laptops, e-mail, and the Internet to provide more technical support and other services from their main office, connecting to a customer's computer remotely to identify and correct developing problems.