15.C Переведи на русский язык:

1. The lathe is considered to be the most important ma­chine tool.

2. The milling machine appears to be the most universal machine tool.

3. Tungsten is believed to be the most heat resistant metal.

4. He was seen to come to work early.

5. You are supposed to be able to read English texts without a dictionary.

6. The carbon content in steel is assumed not to exceed standard values.

UNIT 16

ELECTRONIC GAMES AND EFFECTS ON HEALTH

16.1 Переведи на русский язык:

1. The above considerations also lead to another important conclusion.

2. The discussion is considered to be important.

3. Material is of great consideration in the construction.

4. The scientists consider the problem difficult.

5. Modern philosophers must consider the evolution of our ideas about matter.

6. Considerable experiments with hydrogen have found its use as fuel.

7. Democritus considered that matter consisted of a flow of minute particles which he called atoms.

8. The weight is to be considered in designing an engine.

16.2 Прочитай, переведи текст BUG и заполни пропуски следующими словами: transferred; executed; translation; error; outgrowth; in connection:

A bug is an _ in either the syntax or the logic, of a computer program. The term arose during World War II _ with elec­tronic “testing” as an _ of “debug” which was a synonym for

“troubleshoot”. The early computer programmers _ the term to its present usage.

Most syntactical bugs can be detected during the _ from the symbolic languages that programmers use into the binary language which is eventually_ .

16.3 Прочитай, переведи и выучи наизусть текст buffering:

Buffering is used to gather information at a time when it is not needed so that the information will be available for processing when it is needed.

An early use of buffering was to overlop I/O and CPU operations. For example, an I/O operation is initiated to read a block of data into memory. While the channels are controlling this operation, the CPU may go on its way processing with available cycles. When the CPU needs the information from memory it will be available and the CPU need not wait for the data.

16.4 Прочитай, переведи текст automakers going digital и расположи абзацы в правильной последовательности:

1. The GM strategy represents a shift from a hardware-driven, anal­ysis-supported development process to a synthesis-driven, hardware- supported one. Unlike traditional product development in which a pro­totype is constructed, tested, and analyzed to determine an optimal solution, engineering is moved up-front in the development cycle through the use of modeling and simulation. This type of strategy in­vokes more of a knowledge-based process in which learning about the product and optimizing its design is done prior to prototype construc­tion. This strategy has eliminated the lengthy and costly trial-and-er-ror process along with the need for multiple prototypes.

2. Two-elements key to the implementation of the strategy are syn­thesis and analysis. According to GM, synthesis is a process for de­signing a system in which multiple and competing requirements are balanced and allocated to the subsystems and components through a systematic analytical process. Therefore, synthesis is the creation of a system while analysis is an evaluation of it.

3. GM began implementing tools at various stages of the vehicle- development process — ultimately leading to its all-encompassing math-based vehicle-development strategy.

4. Computing power has dramatically increased over the past sev­eral years enabling more sophisticated modeling and simulation soft­ware to be developed. What once took weeks to simulate can now be done in a matter of days or hours.