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15.3 Переведи на английский язык:

  1. независимо от цели

  2. средство для сбора, записи, анализа и распределения огром­ной массы информации

  3. управлять операциями всей системы, подавая команды

  4. считывать информацию из памяти

  5. компьютер включает в себя микропроцессор

  6. пользователь не может использовать этот язык

  7. особый интерес представляют информационные системы

  8. очевидно, что ...

  9. препятствовать коммуникации «человек-машина»

  10. получить доступ к ...

15.4 Переведи на русский язык:

  1. artificial language designed for that system is ...

  2. there is a trend towards language with free format

  3. the fields of computers and communications are merging

  4. language barrier hinders man-machine communication

  5. program optimisation is of crucial importance

  6. the idea of sharing programs across different hardware platforms is...

  7. the booming of brand new programming languages can ...

  8. to adapt currently available popular programming languages was...

  9. to gain access to important distinctions of computing is ...

15.5 Прочитай, письменно переведи и озаглавь текст:

The proliferation of computer languages that has been going on for some time will continue indefinitely. Most of the new languages will be aimed at making it easier to perform specialized kinds of pro­cessing. The trend will be away from Procedure Oriented Languages toward languages that will allow the user to specify what task the sys­tem is to perform, rather than how the system will perform the task.

By far the greatest challenge in the language area will be to develop new and more powerful general-purpose languages. The concepts of parallel processing and distributing computing call for new approaches to the description and solution of large-scale, complex problems. These languages will have to accommodate a degree of system complexity and coordination far beyond the ability of most existing languages.

15.6 Прочитай, переведи текст ELECTRONIC IMPACT и заполни пропуски следующими словами: patented; afford; province; profound; comprehend; tank; impact; events:

The _ long-term _ of electronics on the design of the cars we drive is not easy to fully_.

The first transistor ignition systems began showing up in 1950s. Electronics can perform basic engine functions that we had always as­sumed were the _ of mechanics.

With microprocessor chips available for less than the cost of a _ of gasoline, we can _ more control of the _ in an internal combustion cycle.

Lucas Industries of England has _ computer-controlled electro-magnetically operated intake and exhaust valves (клапаны).

Imagine what your car’s future engine could be!

15.7 Прочитай и письменно переведи текст parallelism:

Basically, parallel processing means the use of parallel or redun­dant circuits to accomplish similar or different functions. In the first case, the computer achieves a higher throughput merely by having more circuits working at one time. In the case of different functions, through­put is increased by having different portions of the computer work on different aspects of a problem at the same time, instead of having the computer step through series of functions sequentially.

Although it is possible to design parallelism into the massive CPU of a mainframe macro, tomorrow’s big computer will achieve this ca­pability through combinations of separate processors — distributed computing.

COMPLEX OBJECT & COMPLEX SUBJECT

Сложное дополнение — это сочетание существитель­ного или местоимения в объектном падеже (напр. me, him, us, them) с инфинитивом или причастием I. Су­ществует в трех основных вариантах:

  1. С инфинитивом без частицы to или с причастием I после глаголов восприятия:

see I saw him drive the car. I saw them working in the lab. hear I didn’t hear you come into the room. I heard her playing the piano. watch We watched the plane land. We watched the children playing in the yard. notice Nobody noticed him go out. He didn’t notice that happen. feel She felt somebody touch her hand. They didn’t feel the train start.

I saw him enter the house. - Я видел, как он вошел в дом.

I saw him entering the house. - Я видел, как он входил в дом.

В первом случае (вышеперечисленные глаголы с инфинитивом без частицы to) подчеркивается факт действия, во втором (эти же глаголы с причастием) процесс действия.

  1. С инфинитивом с частицей to после глаголов: to believe верить, считать I believe her to be a very good teacher. to know знать I know him to be a good student. to want хотеть I want you to help me. to expect ожидать I expect you to come in time. to advise советовать I advise you to enter the institute. to consider считать English climate is considered to be mild. to order приказывать He is ordered not to be late. to allow разрешать They allow to use dictionaries at the exam. to find находить I find your story to be very interesting. would like хотеть, желать I like you to finish your work.

  2. С инфинитивом без частицы to после глаголов: to let, to make Don’t let them play in the street. Don’t make me laugh.

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