10.1 Письменно переведи предложения на русский язык:

1. Optical lithography has been the leading integrated circuit pattern defining technique for many years.

2. In the narrow sense, pattern recognition means the classification of a given unknown pattern into a number of standard classes. In broad sense, pattern recognition means sciense analysis.

3. Electron beam changes physical characteristics of exposed resistor so that after chemical etching pattern is left on clear substrate.

4. Finished substrate may contain 10,000 mask patterns.

5. The amount of work done in moving one coulomb of electricity from one point to another is a measure of the potential difference between these two points.

6. The principles involve preparing detailed plans and careful monitoring.

7. The circuitry and software involved can be standardized.

8. Plasma etching involves the use of a glow discharge.

9. This work has involved the contributions of many people.

10.2 Прочитай и письменно переведи текст integrated electronics:

Integrated electronics is a field so new and so fast changing that many interested people have difficulty keeping up with its day-to-day

developments. There is even some confusion concerning what inte­grated electronics is and what its significance is for the development of science and technology.

The essence of integrated electronics is batch (партия; группа) processing. Instead of making, protecting, testing and assembling in­dividual (or discrete) components one at a time, large groupings of these components together with their interconnections are made now, all at a time. The resulting new endity, or “integrated component”, therefore, is an assemblage of old-style components interconnected into circuits, networks, or even subsystems. Hence, for a given system function the number of separate components have been greatly reduced, while system capability has been greatly increased.

Integrated electronics will develop further. First, the efforts are be­ing made to get more and more circuit functions on slice of silicon which means cramming (размещение) even more circuit elements into still smaller areas. Second, integrated electronics will move not only towards more functions per slice, but toward new types of functions.

10.3 Прочитай, переведи и расположи абзацы в правильной последовательности:

That’s not an easy or unexpensive accomplishment. Each addi­tional level of miniaturization has added to the chip makers’ expenses.

It costs at least $2 billion to build a chip-manufacturing plant today.

In conventional chip fabrication scientists slice a block of silicon into thin wafers. Then, with a series of steps that modifies the silicon by etching it away or depositing materials on top of it, they create tiny complex circuitry.

The heart of a computer is a finger-nail-sized chip or integrated circuit, that includes transistors, diodes and other devices that can manipulate electrons.

Moreover, at a certain point of miniaturization, quantum laws take over and prevent devices from working according to the classical laws of physics that govern the operation of conventional chips.

To keep up with the demand for faster and more powerful com­puters, engineers have had to squeeze more circuitry onto the chip.

Under the microscope, the result can look like a dense metropo­lis. Intel’s newest chip, the Pentium 4, holds roughly 42 million tran­sistors, with each transistor spanning roughly 130 nanometers (nm).