8.A Поставь к каждому предложению раз­делительный вопрос:

1. It is a hammering.

• Is it a hammering?

• Yes, it is. / No, it isn’t.

It is a hammering, isn’t it?

2. He clamps that rod easily.

• Does he clamp that rod easily?

• Yes, he does. / No, he doesn’t.

3. They have many imprints on it.

• Have they many imprints on it?

• Yes, they have. / No, they haven’t.

4. The blow was too strong.

• Was the blow too strong?

• Yes, it was. / No, it wasn’t.

5. We saw a new coining yesterday.

• Did we see a new coining yesterday?

• Yes, we did. / No, we didn’t.

6. You can hit now.

• Can you hit now?

• Yes, you can. / No, you can’t.

7. There will be five forming operations tomorrow.

• Will there be five forming operations tomorrow?

—Yes, there will. / No, there won’t.

8.B Поставь к следующим предложе­ниям вопросы:

общие:

1. There is a joint on the metal sheet.

2. He must work hard today.

3. We are melting this tip next week.

специальные:

4. These fusible materials were shielded the material from air for two years.

5. They don’t go to work on Sunday.

6. Heat is obtained from the resistance of metal to the flow of an electric current.

разделительные:

7. He has already begun to coat a new wire.

8. We learned how to create an electric arc.

9. They will show you how to use equipment that does not require an electric power source.

8.C Составь письменно разделительные воп­росы к следующим предложениям:

1. A tungsten electrode is used in place of the metal electrode used in shielded metal-arc welding.

2. The heat from the arc formed between the electrode.

3. Metal for the weld may be added by placing a bare wire in the arc.

4. This process can be used with nearly all metals.

5. In shielded metal arc welding, a metallic electrode conducts electricity.

6. Most metals can be joined by this process.

7. The electrode melts off in droplets.

8. In submerged-arc welding no gas is used to shield the weld.

9. Fusible material covers the weld seam.

10. It can be used only with steels.

UNIT 9

ELECTRONICS AND MICROELECTRONICS

9.1 Прочитай, переведи текст ELECTRONIC DEVICES AND MICROELECTRONICS и заполни пропуски следующими словами: deterioration; embraces; integrated circuits; techniques; re­liable; triggered; fabricated; equivalents; assembly; consumed considerable; realization; inter-connecting leads; bulky; body; advantage; contributed; intended; commonly; capacitors; interchangeably.

The invention of the transistor _ the rapid growth of the electronics industry. Before transistors, electronic circuits were large, _ and unreliable, they _ power (en­ergy) and therefore generated too much heat, which _ to the _ of other circuit parts and materials, such as resis­tors, _ and insulation. With transistors, circuits became much smaller, more efficient in the use of energy, and far more _. The higher reliability of the transistor circuits compared to vacuum tube _ is an extremely important _.

The techniques used to manufacture transistors led to the de­velopment that made it possible to mass-produce very small and highly reliable electronics circuits _ known as _ (ICs). ICs have diodes, transistors, resistors and all _ formed on a single piece of semiconductor material.

It should first be made clear what the term “microelectronics” implies. Microelectronics _ the entire _ of the electronic art which is connected with, or applied to, the _ of elec­tronic circuits, subsystems, or the entire systems from extremely small electronic devices. The terms “microelectronics” and “integrated cir­cuits” are sometimes used _, but this is not correct.

Microelectronics is a name for extremely small electronic com­ponents and circuit assemblies, made by thin-film, thick-film or semi­conductor _. An integrated circuit (IC) is a special kind of microelectronics. It is a circuit that has been _ as an inseparable _ of elec­tronic elements in a single structure. It cannot be divided without de­stroying its _ electronic function. Thus, ICs come under the general category of microelectronics, but all microelectronic units are not necessarily ICs.