18.8 Закончи предложения:

1) Gypsum plaster panels are made with

a) paper.

b) fiberglass.

c) clay.

2) The drywall process requires

a) much labour.

b) plaster finishing.

c) manual finishing.

3) A house can be drywalled by

a) carpenters.

b) hangers.

c) tapers.

4) Drywall is cut to size using

a) a high-speed bit.

b) a keyhole saw.

c) a utility knife.

5) Finish plaster contains

a) clay.

b) lime.

c) gypsum and lime putty

18.9 Прочитай, переведи текст plasterwork и заполни пропуски:

1. Floats traditionally made of timber are often finished with a layer of sponge or expanded polystyrene.

2. Later this is painted or wallpapered over to hide the work.

3. The process of creating plasterwork called plastering has been used in building constmction for centuries.

4. For their finest work the Egyptians used a plaster made from calcined gypsum just like plaster of Paris of the present time, and their methods of plastering on reeds resemble in every way our lath, plaster, float and set work.

5. The two most notable differences are that a thin plaster coat covers the entire wall and not just the seams, and secondly the drywall compound is a thick paste where plaster method uses a great deal of water and is applied very wet.

6. Evidence shows that the dwellings of primitive man were erected in a simple fashion with sticks and plastered with mud.

7. In drywall a specialized form of sheet rock known as greenboard (yclept because on the outer paper coating is greenish) is screwed onto the wall-frames (studs) of the home to form the interior walls.

8. This type of sheet rock is designed to absorb some of the moisture of the plaster and allows it to cling better before it sets.

9. While most tools have remained unchanged over the centuries, developments in modern materials have led to some changes.

10. The art had reached perfection in Greece more than five centuries before Christ, and plaster was frequently used to cover temples externally and internally, in some cases even where the building was of marble.

Plasterwork refers to constmction or ornamentation done with plaster, such as a layer of plaster on an interior wall or plaster decorative moldings on ceilings or walls. This is also sometimes called pargeting. _ .

Plasterwork is one of the most ancient of building techniques. _ . The pyramids in Egypt contain plasterwork executed at least four thousand years ago, probably much earlier, and yet hard and durable at the present time. From recent discoveries it has been ascertained that the tools of the plasterer of that time were practically identical in design, shape and purpose with those used today. _ .Hair was introduced to strengthen the material.

Very early in the history of Greek architecture plaster of a fine white lime stucco was used, such has been found at Mycenae. _ . It formed a splendid ground for decorative painting.

Tools and materials include trowels, floats, hammers, screeds, scratching tools, utility knives, laths, lath nails, lime, sand, hair, plaster of Paris, a variety of cements, and various ingredients to form colour washes. _ . Trowels constructed from steel are available in a polycarbonate material that allows the application of certain new acrylic-based materials without staining the finish. _ .

There are two main methods used in construction of the interior walls of modern homes, drywall and plaster. _ . At the place where the two edges of wallboards meet there is a seam. These seams are covered with mesh tape and then the seams and the screw heads are concealed with the drywall compound to make the wall seem as one uniform piece. _ . This pro-cess is called taping and those who use drywall are known as tapers.

Veneer plastering differs from the drywall method in a number of ways. _ . Another difference is that walls intended to be plastered are hanged with blueboard (named as such for the industry standard of the outer paper being blue- grey in colour). _ . Plastering is also a one-shot one-coat application; taping usually requires sanding and then adding an additional coat since the compound shrinks as it dries. From a supply side the cost of plaster and drywall are approximately the same, but the labour cost of plastering is usually much greater.