18.6 Заполни таблицу:

Type	Description/Definition
gypsum board
glass set
metal panel
protective enclosure
concrete block
glazed ceramic block
ceramic tiles
wood veneer
stone veneer
ceiling finishes
carpeting
vinyl composition tile
cut stone tiles
terrazzo

18.7 Прочитай, переведи текст drywall и расположи абзацы в правильной последовательности:

1. Floor finishes in commercial and institutional uses make considerable use of synthetic-fibre carpeting and vinyl composition tile. In areas of higher traffic harder surfaces may be used, for example, cut stone tiles of marble or granite, ceramic tile applied with epoxy adhesive to the substrate or terrazzo. Terrazzo is made in two ways, traditional and thin-set. In the traditional form a four-centimetre layer of cement and sand grout is poured over the substrate; a grid of metal divider strips to control shrinkage cracks is set on the hardened surface, and grout mix of coloured cement and marble chips is poured between the strips. After hardening, the surface is machine polished to expose the marble chips and metal dividers. Thin-set terrazzo is made by placing the metal strips and pouring the binder and marble chips onto the subfloor without the underbed of cement and sand. It is generally possible only when epoxy resins are used in place of cement binders. Terrazzo is available in many colours, and it forms a hard, smooth, and durable surface that is easily cleaned.

2. Office buildings may contain prefabricated movable metal partitions which typically use metal sandwich panel construction to create panels with both transparent and opaque surfaces as well as doors. These partitions are expensive compared with gypsum board and must be often moved to justify the greater initial cost. Concrete block is used in unfinished spaces and for fire-resistive partitions. Glazed ceramic block or ceramic tile applied over a concrete block or gypsum board is used in wet areas and where cleanliness is a problem, such as in kitchens and toilet rooms. Walls with wood panelling or stone veneer are occasionally used for aesthetic effect. Doors are usually set in formed sheet-metal frames, although some wood frames are used. The doors themselves are usually made of solid timbers glue-laminated together and covered with thin decorative wood veneers; painted hollow sheet-metal doors are used for exterior doors.

3. Ceiling finishes in these buildings create a sandwich space below the roof or floor slab above which conceals projecting structural elements, recessed light fixtures, electrical wiring conduits, and air-handling ductwork. The ceiling must be accessible to change or maintain the service elements located above it, and the most common ceiling system is composed of wet felted mineral fibre panels painted and perforated on one side for sound absorption. The removable panels are supported on a grid of formed sheet-metal tee bars which are suspended by wires from the structure above. Where accessibility is not important and a smooth finish is desired, suspended gypsum board ceilings can be used.

4. Drywall is the term used for a common method of constructing interior walls and ceilings using panels made of gypsum plaster pressed between two thick sheets of paper, then kiln dried. Many such panels are made with fiberglass instead of paper to prevent mold growth, which is common with paper that has been exposed to water due to plumbing leaks or floods. Drywall construction is used globally for the finish construction of interior walls and ceilings. Drywall construction became prevalent as a speedier alternative to using plaster-based interior finish techniques, which involved forcefully spreading a substrate of coarse plaster, known as the base made up of the scratch coat and brown coat, onto the wall lath-work before finally applying the smoother finish coat, each layer added in succession and all by hand. Drywall, by contrast to plaster, requires hand finishing only at the fasteners and joints. The drywall process requires less labour and drying time, lending its name to the panels used in the assembly.

5. Drywall is cut to size using a large T-square by scoring the paper on the front side (usually white) with a utility knife breaking the sheet along the cut, scoring the paper backing, and finally breaking the sheet in the opposite direction. Small features such as holes for outlets and light switches are usually cut using a keyhole saw or a small high-speed bit in a rotary tool. Drywall is then fixed to the wall structure with nails, glue or drywall screws. Drywall fasteners are gaining popularity in both residential and commercial construction. Drywall fasteners are used for supporting interior drywall corners and replacing the non-structural, wood or metal blocking that traditionally was used to install dry wall. Their function serves to save on material and labour expenses, to increase energy efficiency, and to make plumbing installation simpler.

6. Space-division systems in commercial and industrial buildings make use of gypsum board partitions, usually applied to a framework of formed sheet-metal members attached to the building structure.

7. They are readily demolished and rebuilt at relatively low cost, meeting the need for flexibility in such buildings. They are often used for fire-resistive protective enclosures for which a number of layers are laminated to achieve the specified fire resistance. Trans-parent and translucent partitions are also used with different types of glass set in metal frames.

8. As opposed to a week-long plaster application, an entire house can be drywalled in one or two days by two experienced drywallers, and drywall is easy enough to use that it can be installed by many amateur home carpenters. In large-scale commercial construction, the work of installing and finishing drywall is often split between the drywall mechanics, or hangers who install the wallboard and the tapers and mudmen, or float crew who finish the joints and cover the nailheads with drywall compound.

9. Another similar skim coating is always done in a process called veneer plastering, although it is done slightly thicker. Veneering uses a slightly different specialised setting compound (finish plaster) that contains gypsum and lime putty. This application uses blueboard which has special treated paper to accelerate the setting of the gypsum plaster component. This setting has less shrinkage than the air-dry compounds used in drywall, so it only requires one coat. Blueboard has square edges rather than the tapered-edge drywall boards. The tapered drywall boards are used to countersink the tape in taped jointing whereas the tape in veneer plastering is buried beneath a level surface.

10. After the sheets are secured to the wall studs or ceiling joists, the seams between drywall sheets are concealed using joint tape, and several layers of the compound sometimes called mud. This compound is also applied to any screw holes or defects. Alternatively, for a better finish the entire wall may be given a skim coat, a thin layer of finishing compound, to minimise the visual differences between the paper and mudded areas after painting.