18.4 Прочитай и письменно переведи:

1. They gave instructions for installing ceramic wall tile.

2. He added beauty to his home with new tile flooring.

3. They gave some advice how to tile a wall.

2. a. After the first coat of base paint dries, apply another one.

b It is very cold, so wear a heavy coat.

c. Coat the surface with two layers of paint.

3. a. Make the windows secure before leaving the house.

2. They could secure the connecting plates to the beams.

3. This company can secure a good civil engineering job.

4. a. They could not taper the width of a beam at either end.

2. The structures have a slight inward taper.

3. They are studying the axial behaviour of taper beams.

5. a. The grow/joints have been filled.

2. Wipe tiles with a damp cloth to remove excess grout.

3. Grout all joints other than areas that need to be left as expansion joints.

18.5 Прочитай, письменно переведи текст interior finishes of commercial and industrial buildings:

Space-division systems in commercial and industrial buildings make use of gypsum board partitions, usually applied to a framework of formed sheet-metal members attached to the building structure.

They are readily demolished and rebuilt at relatively low cost, meeting the need for flexibility in such buildings. They are often used for fire-resistive protective enclosures for which a num¬ber of layers are laminated to achieve the specified fire resistance. Trans-parent and translucent partitions are also used with different types of glass set in metal frames.

Office buildings may contain prefabricated movable metal partitions which typically use metal sandwich panel construction to create panels with both transparent and opaque surfaces as well as doors. These partitions are expensive compared with gypsum board and must be often moved to justify the greater initial cost. Concrete block is used in unfinished spaces and for fire-resistive partitions. Glazed ceramic block or ceramic tile applied over a concrete block or gypsum board is used in wet areas and where cleanliness is a problem, such as in kitchens and toilet rooms. Walls with wood panelling or stone veneer are occasionally used for aesthetic effect. Doors are usually set in formed sheet-metal frames, although some wood frames are used. The doors themselves are usually made of solid timbers glue-laminated together and covered with thin decorative wood veneers; painted hollow sheet-metal doors are used for exterior doors.

Ceiling finishes in these buildings create a sandwich space below the roof or floor slab above which conceals projecting structural elements, recessed light fixtures, electrical wiring conduits, and air-handling ductwork. The ceiling must be accessible to change or maintain the service elements located above it, and the most common ceiling system is composed of wet felted mineral fibre panels painted and perforated on one side for sound absorption. The removable panels are supported on a grid of formed sheet-metal tee bars which are suspended by wires from the structure above. Where accessibility is not important and a smooth finish is desired, suspended gypsum board ceilings can be used.

Floor finishes in commercial and institutional uses make considerable use of synthetic-fibre carpeting and vinyl composition tile. In areas of higher traffic harder surfaces may be used, for example, cut stone tiles of marble or granite, ceramic tile applied with epoxy adhesive to the substrate or terrazzo. Terrazzo is made in two ways, traditional and thin-set. In the traditional form a four-centimetre layer of cement and sand grout is poured over the substrate; a grid of metal divider strips to control shrinkage cracks is set on the hardened surface, and grout mix of coloured cement and marble chips is poured between the strips. After hardening, the surface is machine polished to expose the marble chips and metal dividers. Thin-set terrazzo is made by placing the metal strips and pouring the binder and marble chips onto the subfloor without the underbed of cement and sand. It is generally possible only when epoxy resins are used in place of cement binders. Terrazzo is available in many colours, and it forms a hard, smooth, and durable surface that is easily cleaned.