17.6 Ответь на вопросы:

1. It is necessary to examine factors which are likely to interfere with the experiment results.

2. Human needs have to be identified first and then converted to programs in the best possible way.

3. Sometimes the microcomputer system is to be used as a general purpose computer.

4. The computer has made it possible to mechanize much of the in­formation interchange and processing.

5. Architectures should provide adequate flexibility to support the growing trend to distributed systems.

6. In the ideal system, the output of a stable transfer function (digital filter) would approach some constant for a constant input.

7. In a real-time program the program must execute the model code synchronously with real time.

17.7 Прочитай, переведи текст brickwork и заполни пропуски:

1. Mortar is often referred to as mud due to its appearance. Commons usually feature a frog, an indent in one surface that faces up during laying.

2. Ties are metal products that are approximately the length of a common.

3. This allows the two walls to function better as one structural unit without filling the cavity with a solid material and so lowering its insulative properties.

4. However, ties must be stainless to avoid them rotting in the alkaline conditions created by the cement in the mortar.

5. Brickwork is also used to finish openings such as doors or windows in buildings made of other materials.

6. It is created by alternately laying headers and stretchers in a single course.

7. If only one face of a Flemish bond wall is exposed, one third of the bricks are not visible, and hence may be of low visual quality.

8. Also, many brick walls surrounding kitchen gardens were designed with cavities so hot air could circulate in the winter, warming fruit trees or other produce spread against the walls, causing them to bloom earlier and forcing early fruit production.

9. Rat-trap bond, also known as Chinese bond, is a type of garden wall bond in which the stretchers and headers are laid on their sides, with the base of the stretcher facing outwards.

1. Brickwork masonry is produced when a bricklayer uses bricks and mortar to build up structures such as walls, bridges and chimneys. _ .Where the bricks are to remain fully visible, as opposed to being covered up by plaster or stucco, this is known as face-work.

2. Flemish bond, also known as Dutch bond, has historically always been considered the most decorative bond, and for this reason was used extensively for dwellings until the adoption of the cavity wall. _ .The next course is laid so that a header lies in the middle of the stretcher in the course below. Again, this bond is one brick thick. It is quite difficult to lay Flemish bond properly, since for best effect all the perpendiculars (vertical mortar joints) need to be vertically aligned. _ .This is a better ratio than for English bond, the main rival of Flemish bond for load-bearing walls.

3. A common variation found in early 18th century buildings is glazed-headed Flemish bond, in which the exposed headers are burned until they vitrify with a black glassy surface.

4. _ .This gives a wall with an internal cavity bridged by the headers, hence the name.

5. The main advantage of this bond is economy in use of bricks, giving a wall of one brick thickness with fewer bricks than a solid bond.

6. Rat-trap bond was in common use in England for building houses of fewer than three storeys up to the turn of the 20th century and is today still used in India as an economical bond, as well for the insulation properties offered by the air cavity. _ .

7. In UK building yards what many would refer to as a house brick is known as a common with larger breezeblock-like materials being called solids. _ .This is packed with mud as laying progresses and helps add lateral strength to the layer, as opposed to the vertical strength formed by the compressive weight of the brickwork on itself. _ .They are used to tie layers of brickwork into one another. This is particularly important if a building is constructed with an inner and outer wall featuring a cavity where the ties will be placed through the cavity between mortar layers in the two walls. _ . Ties are simply lengths of stainless steel wire, around twice as thick as that used to form a steel coat hanger, and have a loop at either end that is buried in the mortar as the wall progresses. Due to being stainless and reasonably thick, they are also somewhat expensive. _ .