5.7 Найди в тексте о:

1. design process coordination;

2. supervision of a project;

3. contractural arrangements;

4. personnel’s selection and overseeing;

5. construction site activities.

5.8 Прочитай и письменно переведи текст Construction Site Safety:

Construction is the most dangerous land based work sector in Europe (the fishing industry being more dangerous). In the European Union, the fatal accident rate is nearly 13 workers per 100,000 as against 5 per 100,000 for the all sector average.

In the U.S. there were 1,225 fatal occupational injuries in the construction sector in 2001 with an incidence rate of 13.3 per 100,000 employed workers. For the same year the construction industry experienced 481,400 nonfatal injuries and illnesses at a rate of 7.9 per 100 full-time workers in the industry. Construction has about 6% of U.S. workers, but 20% of the fatalities — the largest number of fatalities reported for any industry sector.

The problem is not that the hazards and risks are unknown, it is that they are very difficult to control in a constantly changing work environment.

The leading safety hazards on site are falls from height, motor vehicle crashes, electrocution, machines, and being struck by falling objects. Some of the main health hazards on site are asbestos, solvents, noise, and manual handling activities.

Many construction sites cannot completely exclude non-workers. Road construction sites must often allow traffic to pass through. This places non-workers at some degree of risk.

Road construction sites are blocked-off and traffic is redirected. The sites and vehicles are protected by signs and barricades. However, sometimes even these signs and barricades can be a hazard to vehicle traffic. For example, improperly designed barricades can cause cars that strike them to roll over or even be thrown into the air. Even a simple safety sign can penetrate the windshield or roof of a car if hit from certain angles.

Under European Union Law, there are European Union Directives in place to protect workers, notably Directive 89/391 (the Framework Directive) and Directive 92/57 (the Temporary and Mobile Sites Directive). This legislation is transposed into the Member States and places requirements on employers and others to assess and protect workers’ health and safety.

In the United States the Occupational Safety and Health Administration sets and enforces the standards concerning workplace safety and health.

5.9 Ответь на вопросы:

1. Why is construction considered to be the most dangerous working area?

2. Why is it difficult to control work environment?

3. What are the main safety hazards on site?

4. Who is regarded as a non-worker?

5. What are safety signs and barricades urgently required at construction sites?

6. What regulations and organizations place requirements on employers to protect workers’ safety?

PREPOSITIONS

Предлоги места и движения:

1.Предлог at употребляется:

• когда подразумевается конкретное место нахождения: The postman is at the door.

• где происходит событие: There were a lot of people at the party.

• в выражениях: at school/university/college, at work, at home, at the top of, at the bottom of, at sea = on a voyage, at the station/airport, at the seaside, etc.: I live at 18 King Street (Но: in King Street)

• когда речь идет о чьем-либо доме или бизнесе: at Joan’s, at the doctor’s, at the newsagent’s.

2.Предлог in употребляется:

• в выражениях: in the middle, in the sea, in the sky, in bed, in hospital, in prison, in a newspaper/magazine/book, in a picture/photo, in a street, in the world, in the lesson, in the country, in one’s hand, etc.

• с названиями городов, столиц, стран и континентов: in Stratford, in Milan, in Egypt, in Asia

NB: in –внутри, в самом здании, at – абстрактно, о действии: It was very hot in the cinema (в здании кинотеатра). My parents are at the cinema (смотрят фильм).

3.Предлог on употребляется в выражениях: on the left/right, on a platform/page/screen/island/ beach/coast, on a map, on a farm, on a menu, on the first/second/… floor, on a chair (Но: in an armchair), on/at the corner of a street (Но: in the corner of a room, go/run/… round a corner)

4.Когда речь идет о путешествиях разными видами транспорта употребляется предлог by: by car/by bus/by train/by taxi/by plane/by boat, но on foot. By не употребляется, когда есть артикль, личное местоимение и с притяжательным падежом: on the train, in your car, on the eight o’clock bus/in a taxi/on the plane/in Richard’s car.

Предлоги времени:

• Предлог from … to/till/until употребляются для выражения длительности: She works from 9 to/till/until 5 every day.

• Предлог in употребляется чтобы сказать сколько времени займет действие: He finished the test in half an hour. Our new flat will be ready in a month.

Предлоги времени не употребляются с today, tomorrow, tonight & yesterday: I’ll see you tomorrow; с this, last, next, every, all, some, each, one & any: He has a music lesson every Tuesday.