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3.8 Ответь на вопросы:

  1. Why is John Smeaton regarded as the father of the civil engineering profession?

  2. What was John Smeaton’s research into power sources?

  3. What was John Smeaton charged with by the President of the Royal Society?

  4. What were John Smeaton’s developments in the field of the engineering use of cement and concrete?

  5. Why is the depth of John Smeaton’s influence on civil engineering phenomenal?

  6. Why did John Smeaton want practising professional engineers to dine together?

  7. What led to the founding of the Intuition of Civil Engineers?

THERE IS/THERE ARE

Оборот there is / there are служит для выражения наличия (отсутствия) какого-либо предмета в опреде­ленном месте или в определенное время. Перевод пред­ложения с таким оборотом нужно начинать с обстоя­тельства места, а если его нет, то со сказуемого.

Present Indefinite

There is a picture on the wall. На стене картина.

Is there a picture on the wall? На стене есть картина?

There are pictures on the wall. На стене картины.

Are there pictures on the wall? На стене есть картины?

Past Indefinite

There was a picture on the wall. На стене была кар­тина.

Was there a picture on the wall? На стене была кар­тина?

There were pictures on the wall. На стене были кар­тины.

Were there pictures on the wall? На стене были кар­тины?

There will be pictures on the wall. На стене будут картины.

Will there be pictures on the wall? На стене будут картины?

Выбор формы глагола to be зависит от числа суще­ствительного, следующего сразу за ним:

There is a chair and two armchairs in the room.

There are two armchairs and a chair in the room.

Вопросительные предложения с оборотом there is / there are строятся следующим образом

Общий вопрос: Is there anything in the bag? Will there be lessons tomorrow?

Специальный вопрос: What is there in the bag?

Разделительный вопрос. There are some pupils in the classroom, aren’t there?

3.A Вставь to be в нужной форме:

1. There ... over 4,000 tower blocks, homes for about 800,000 people. 2. ... there the concrete roof of the new four-storey building last month? Yes, there ... some . 3. ... there ... an opening of the notable bridge tomorrow? Yes, there ... . 4. There ... building designers who know all about stress. 5. There ... heat which deforms plastics. 6. After the fire, all that there … was the burned-out shell of the building. 7. Some years ago … there metal structures of the building which assembled on the site? 8. ... there an earthquake esterday which might move the arch and cause tensile forces in it? No, there ... 9. There … the vault and the dome that were evolved in the East. 10. ... there trusses to carry the ends of the beams? 11. ... there a high-rise building as a building 35 meters or greater in height, which is divided into occupiable levels? No, there ... . 12. Soon there ... the entrance to the house on the south side.