15.3 Прочитай, переведи текст charterers’ & shippers’ decision process и сопоставь названия и суть:

The post-purchase evaluation of satisfaction during the post-fixture stage and after the delivery of cargo to the consignee.

The pre-purchase choice among alternatives during the pre-fixture stage.

The charterer’s and shipper’s reaction during the carriage of goods.

This stage refers to all activities of the charterer and shipper occurring before the fixture of the charter and the acquisition of thetransport service. This stage begins when the contract of the sale of goods is signed and the cargo must be carried from the port of origin to the port of destination. During this stage, the charterer and shipper, who act on behalf of the cargo owner, examine their transportation needs and collect information regarding possible alternative vessels. A charterer and shipper seek the appropriate ship that will undertake the cargoes’ carriage. The charterer in the tramp market shows his/her interest for a specific type of vessel and for a particular type of charter by drawing out the cargo order and by making offers and counter offers to ship-owners. Charterers have a list of options chosen on the basis of experience, convenience and knowledge. On the other hand, the shipper in the liner market shows his/her interest for a specific vessel by searching the appropriate liner services in the shipping press and by booking space on a ship. The pre-purchase stage includes the transportation need awareness, the information search and the evaluation of alternatives. An important outcome of the pre-purchase stage is the decision of the charterer to fix a certain charter and the decision of the shipper to book space on a certain vessel.

The charterer and shipper have expectations about the performance of the chartered vessel. The vessel must execute the voyage with utmost dispatch and must deliver the cargo with safety at the port of discharge. Additionally, the charterer and shipper have obligations during the charter which are dependent upon the type of charter. For example, the charterer undertakes the commercial employment of the vessel in the case of a time charter while he undertakes the commercial operation of the vessel in the case of a bareboat charter. This stage is characterized by the prolonged interactions between the shipper, shipowner, personnel and crew. It is from these interpersonal interactions that the transport service experience is acquired. Therefore, the benefits offered by a shipping company consist of the experience that is delivered through an interactive process.

During this stage, the charterer and shipper may experience varying levels of doubt that the correct fixture of the charter has been made. Due to the extended service delivery process, the post-choice evaluation occurs both during and after the use of services rather than only afterward. There are two ways of evaluating the quality of transportation services: the compliance of the shipping company with the flag and class rules as well as the satisfaction of the charterer’s and insurance’s requirements.