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13.5 Прочитай, переведи и запомни Road rules of Canada:

Which Side of the Road?

In Canada, please drive on the RIGHT side of the road.

Unique Country Driving Laws

  • Do not use mobile phone to call or text while driving.

  • On Roundabouts (Traffic Circles or Rottary), drivers to the left have right of way.

  • Use the outside lane to overtake on highways.

  • Do not overtake school buses.

  • If pulled over by Police, do not exit your vehicle. Turn the ignition off and sit patiently with your hands visible.

Speed Limits

Each Province will have its own speed regulations to abide by, please use this as a guide to road speeds, not the actual State traffic speed limits:

All speed signs will be in KM:

  • Urban areas: 25 mph (40 km/h)

  • Rural areas:55 mph (96 km/h)

  • Motorways:65 mph (104 km/h)

Please be aware of changing speeds indicated by road signs.

Child Safety / Seatbelt Laws

It is compulsory for all inside the vehicle to be wearing a seatbelt.

  • Each province has its own rules and regulations about child seats and seatbelt laws.

Compulsory Equipment

There is no compulsory equipment needed in Canada.

13.6 Прочитай, переведи и запомни Road rules of Turkey:

Which Side of the Road?

In Turkey, please drive on the RIGHT side of the road.

Unique Country Driving Laws

  • Do not use a cell phone while driving. It is strictly prohibited.

  • Be careful when driving, there may be numerous objects on the road.

  • In the event of an accident, be sure tocall the Police and make a report. Do not move your vehicle.

Speed Limits

For a standard Avis rental vehicle with no trailers:

  • Urban areas: 31 mph (50 km/h)

  • Rural areas: 55 mph (90 km/h)

  • Motorways: 74mph (120km/h)

Unless indicated by road signs.

Child Safety / Seatbelt Laws

It is compulsory for all inside the vehicle to wear a seatbelt.

  • Children under 150cm and less than 35kg must be seated in an appropriate child restraint for their size.

  • Children under 10 can not travel in the front seat.

Compulsory Equipment

  • First-aid kit

  • Fire extinguisher

  • 2x Warning triangle

THE FUTURE TENSES

The Future Simple употребляется для выражения:

  • предсказаний будущего, обычно с глаголами think, believe, expect; выражениями be sure, be afraid; наречиями perhaps, certainly, probably: His parents think he will become an artist one day.

  • неожиданных решений и предложений: I’ll take this jacket. Since it’s your birthday, I’ll pay for lunch.

  • событий, ситуаций, которые точно произойдут в будущем, и которые невозможно контролировать: Jill will be two years old next month.

  • обещаний, обычно с глаголами promise, swear, guarantee, угроз, предупреждений, просьб, обозначения надежды, обычно с I hope: I hope pollution levels will drop soon. Factories must stop polluting the air or else we won’t be able to breathe.

Индикаторы: tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next week/month/year, tonight, soon, in a week/month/year, etc.

УТВЕРЖДЕНИЕ

ОТРИЦАНИЕ

ВОПРОС

I We

shall V1

I We

shan’t V1

Shall

I we

V1?

He She It

You They

will V1

He She It

You They

won’t V1

Will

he she it

you they

V1?

The Future Continuous употребляется для выражения:

  • действия, которое произойдет в обозначенное время в будущем: This time next week, I’ll be skiing in Austria.

  • действия, которое произойдет в будущем в результате обыденности или договоренности: ‘Shall I inform the rest of the team?’ ‘No, I’ll do it. I’ll be seeing them at the meeting anyway’.

  • действия в будущем, когда мы вежливо спрашиваем о чьих-либо планах (совпадают ли наши желания с их планами): ‘Will you be going out later?’ ‘Yes. Why?’ ‘Could you get me a sandwich, please?’

УТВЕРЖДЕНИЕ

ОТРИЦАНИЕ

ВОПРОС

I

We

shall be Ving

I

We

shan’t be Ving

Shall

I

we

be Ving?

He She It You They

will be Ving

He She It

You They

won’t be Ving

Will

he she it

you they

be Ving?

The Future Perfect употребляется для выражения действия, которое будет закончено до обозначенного времени в будущем: They will have finished their meeting by four o’clock this afternoon.

 Индикаторы: by, by the time, before, until, by then, etc.

УТВЕРЖДЕНИЕ

ОТРИЦАНИЕ

ВОПРОС

I We

shall have V3/ed

I We

shan’t have V3/ed

Shall

I we

have

V3/ed?

He She It

You They

will have V3/ed

He She It

You They

won’t have V3/ed

Will

he she it

you they

have

V3/ed?

The Future Perfect Continuous употребляется для выражения длительности действия до определенного времени в будущем: By the time Rick retires, he will have been working for the same company for thirty years. 

Индикаторы: by … for.

УТВЕРЖДЕНИЕ

ОТРИЦАНИЕ

ВОПРОС

I

We

shall have been Ving

I

We

shan’t have been Ving

Shall

I

we

have been Ving?

He She It

You They

will have been V3/ed

He She It

You They

won’t have been V3/ed

Will

he she it

you they

have been Ving?

WILL / SHALL

  • WILL YOU …? употребляется для выражения просьбы: Will you open the door for me, please? 

  • WON’T употребляется для выражения отказа: I’ve talked to Sue about her decision to leave, but she won’t listen.

SHALL I/WE …? употребляется для:

  1. выражения предложения: Shall I give you a hand with those bags?

  2. выражения совета: Shall we wait until the rain stops?

  3. получения инструкции: What shall I do with all these letters? Put them on my desk.

Present Simple используется в значении будущего, когда мы ссылаемся на программы или расписания (поезда, автобусы и т.д.):  The film starts in ten minutes. (расписание кинотеатра)

Be going to употребляется для выражения:

  • планов на будущее, намерений или стремлений:I’m going to employ more staff. I’m going to expand my company.

  • предвидений ближайшего будущего: Look at him! He is going to win the race.

  • The Future Simple не употребляется после while, before, until, as soon as, after, if, by the time или as. Вместо этого употребляется The Present Simple или Present Perfect: I’ll wait until you finish/have finished. А не: until you will finish.

  •  When (= в какое время) употребляется, как вопросительное слово, за ним следует The Future Simple: When will I know the results? I can’t tell when it will be ready.

  • When (= в то время) употребляется, как временное слово и за ним следует The Present Simple: He’ll call us when he gets there.

If может следовать за The Future simple только после выражений, которые выражают незнание, неуверенность I don’t know, I doubt, I wonder: I wonder if he will be on time. Но: If you see him, tell him about the party.

После by the time, until, before, употребляется The Present Simple в придаточных времени. The Future Perfect и The Future Perfect Continuous могут стоять как перед, так и после них: I will have tidied up by the time you get back. By the time she finishes work, we will have been waiting for more than an hour.

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