11.4 Прочитай, письменно переведи текст:

Components of the system:

• Colour video camera with pan and zoom control in the front and back.

• Video data generator which records date and time.

• Police pilot speed detection device and speed indicator (recording both police, and other vehicles speed).

• Mobile VHS video cassette recorder with a remote control unit. VHS is now being replaced with Digital Hard Drive Recorders or DVD recording systems.

• Two colour monitors, one each for front and rear seat occupants.

и расположи абзацы в равильной последовательности:

1. Whilst on patrol, a police officer who …

2. Depending on the circumstances of …

3. JAI PROVIDA 2000 is a sophisticated in-car …

4. VASCAR (Visual Average Speed Computer And Recorder) is a technology for …

5. VASCAR units were …

6. The automatic number plate …

7. If a match is made to a …

1. … the offence, the motorist can then be advised regarding their driving, cautioned or prosecuted, when the video recording can be used in court if necessary.

2. … video and speed enforcement system for 24-hour detection of traffic offences and criminal acts. System recordings can be used in court as visual evidence, including reconstruction of events.

3. … observes a blatant offence or an example of bad driving can record the incident on tape. Once they have stopped the driver concerned, they can then invite the motorist to sit in the police car, where the incident is replayed. A motorist can request a copy of the video evidence should the matter be dealt with at court.

4. … determining the speed of a moving vehicle. It is used by police officers to catch speeding motorists. These devices are mounted on a patrol car's console, allowing the officer easy access to its controls. Many main roads in the UK now have horizontal lines of about two feet in length painted on the carriageway, which allow the VASCAR system to be calibrated.

5. … vehicle of police interest, the ANPR operator receives an alarm. The operator can then alert other officers to stop the vehicle. The process from reading the number plate to an alarm notification takes less than two seconds.

6. … first fitted to police vehicles in the mid-1970s.

7. … recognition (ANPR) system is housed in a mobile unit. Both colour and infrared cameras are used to capture images of vehicle number plates as they pass by. The index number is read automatically and checked against a number of databases (including DVLA) held on computer.

11.5 Прочитай и письменно переведи текст vehicles:

Most commonly used vehicles are Volvo V70 T5, Vauxhall Omega, BMW 5 Series and Vauxhall Vectra, frequently in estate variants. BMW X5, Range Rover and Land Rover Discovery, together with the occasional Mercedes-Benz M-Class, Nissan, Toyota or other 4x4s are also commonplace, especially for motorway duties. Large vans such as theIveco Daily or Mercedes-Benz Sprinter can be seen at major collisions. Traffic cars usually carry the following equipment: Traffic cones (usually sixteen in 4x4s and ten in estate cars); Cone lamps; Signs (usually ten, consisting of four "accident" signs, two "slow" signs, two divert arrow signs, one "use hard shoulder", and "rejoin main carriageway"); Groundsheet; Tow ropes and shackles (4x4s only); Fire extinguisher; Crowbar and Hacksaw; Axe, Broom and Shovel; Industrial gloves; Torch; First aid kit; Resuscitation kit; Infectious diseases protection kit; Space blankets; Water container; "stinger" tyre deflation unit; Teddy bear to console a distraught child after an accident; Breathalyzer kit to detect the presence of alcohol in an individual's breath; ST2000 Radar gun.

THE PRESENT TENSES

The Present Simple употребляется для выражения:

• обычного, повторяющегося действия в настоящем: They go to the country every weekend.

• действия, относящегося к настоящему времени в широком смысле слова: I work as a teacher.

• общеизвестных истин: It never snows in Africa.

• будущего действия с глаголами движения come, go, leave, start, arrive: The train starts in half an hour.

• инструкций, комментариев, повествования, обзоров: First you cross the street, then turn left.

• последовательности действия: He comes home, turns the TV on & sits in the chair.

• расписаний и программ: The plain arrives at 7.45.

Индикаторы: always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, rarely, never, every day/week/etc., on Mondays/Tuesdays/etc., in the morning/ afternoon/ evening, at night/the weekend, etc.

Запомни: после [f], [p], [k], [t] окончание звучит как [s], после [m], [l], [d], [b], [g], [v], [n], ing и после гласных (как в play) окончание звучит как [z], а после [z], [s], [ks], g, sh, ch, tch окончание –es [iz].

УТВЕРЖДЕНИЕ		ОТРИЦАНИЕ			ВОПРОС
I You We They	V1		I You We They	don’t V1		Do	I you we they	V1?
He She It	V1+s/es		He She It	doesn’t V1		Does	he she it	V1?

• Индикаторы стоят ПЕРЕД основным глаголом, но ПОСЛЕ глагола to be, to do, to have и модальных глаголов. You must always behave yourself at school.

• Глаголы rarely, seldom и never НИКОГДА не используются с not. Emily never not watches horror films.

• Индикаторы всегда стоят ПЕРЕД вспомогательными глаголами: to be, to do, to have в коротких ответах. Do you buy expensive clothes? No, I never do.

The Present Continuous употребляется для выражения:

• длительного действия, совершающегося в момент речи: The children are watching TV.

• длительного действия, совершающегося в настоящий период времени (в широком смысле): Now we are studying the Present Continuous Tense.

• будущего действия, главным образом, с глаголами движения come, leave, start, go, arrive и т.д.: They are leaving in a few days.

• запланированного действия, когда место и время известны: We are moving the new flat on Saturday next week.

• постоянного процесса или раздражения. В этих случаях часто употребляются наречия always, constantly, ever: The sun is constantly shining there. You are always interrupting me.

• меняющихся или развивающихся ситуаций: The climate is getting warmer every year.

Индикаторы: now, at the moment, these days, at present, tonight, nowadays, still, etc.

УТВЕРЖДЕНИЕ		ОТРИЦАНИЕ		ВОПРОС
I	am Ving	I	am not Ving	Am	I	Ving?
He She It	is Ving	He She It	isn’t Ving	Is	he she it	Ving?
You We They	are Ving	You We They	aren’t Ving	Are	you we they	Ving?

Запомни:

• после [e], то оно опускается перед суффиксом – ing: write -> writing

• если слово оканчивается на –l или на согласную, перед которой стоит УДАРНАЯ гласная, то согласная удваивается: get -> getting

• слова die, lie, tie, то они образуются следующим образом: dying, lying, tying

В Continuous не употребляются глаголы, выражающие:

• предпочтения: like, love, hate, dislike, enjoy, prefer, etc.: Cathy likes romantic films.

• чувственно-визуальное восприятие: believe, know, notice, remember, forget, recognise, understand, realise, seem, think, etc.: I don’t believe a world he’s saying.; see, hear, feel, taste, look, smell, sound. С этими глаголами часто употребляются модальные глаголы can или could, когда действие совершается в момент речи: The soup tastes delicious. John must be in the attic. I can hear his footsteps.

и некоторые другие глаголы: be, contain, fit, include, matter, need, belong, cost, owe, mean, own, appear, want, have = possess, etc.: This book is mine. It belongs to me.

The Present Perfect употребляется для выражения действия, которое:

• началось в прошлом и продолжается в настоящем. С глаголами: have, like, know, be, etc. употребляются индикаторы for и since: They have been friends for twenty years.

• только что закончилось и результат виден в настоящем: She has picked a lot of apples.

• произошло в неопределенный момент в прошлом. Точное время нам неважно или не упоминается в предложении. Нас интересует само действие: He has broken his arm. Peter has been to Paris four times.

• которое произошло в определенный момент в прошлом: today, this morning/afternoon/week/month/year, etc., но еще не закончено: She has received three taxes this month.

Индикаторы: already, yet, just, always, ever, never, so far.

УТВЕРЖДЕНИЕ		ОТРИЦАНИЕ			ВОПРОС
I You We They	have V3/ed		I You We They	haven’t V3/ed		Have	I you we they	V3/ed?
He She It	has V3/ed		He She It	hasn’t V3/ed		Has	he she it	V3/ed?

The Present Perfect Continuous употребляется для выражения:

• длительности действия, произошедшем в прошлом и продолжающегося до настоящего: Sarah has been picking vegetables for two hours.

• действия, которое началось и закончилось в прошлом, но длилось какое-то время, а результат виден в настоящем: He is dirty. He has been playing football.

• для выражения гнева, раздражения: Who has been reading my business papers?

• с глаголами feel, live, work и teach можно употреблять и present perfect и perfect continuous: He has felt/has been feeling unwell all morning.

Индикаторы: for, since, all morning/day/week/etc.

УТВЕРЖДЕНИЕ		ОТРИЦАНИЕ			ВОПРОС
I You We They	have been Ving		I You We They	haven’t been Ving		Have	I you we they	been Ving?
He She It	has been Ving		He She It	hasn’t been Ving		Has	he she it	been Ving?