Вариант 9
Задание 1. Спишите текст и переведите его на русский язык.
About 80% of modern Russian and foreign ships are equipped with marine diesel engines as main propulsion engines. The engine - room - "heart of a ship" - is generally located in the after part of the tankers and bulk - carriers and amidships in majority of passenger liners and freighters. The main engines drive the propeller.
We enter the engine - room. The first thing we see is the main diesel engine, control - stand with starting lever, gauges of fuel, oil and water pressure, telegraph, air distributor, exhaust pipe and a number of different pipings.
Then we speak about technical data of a diesel engine we mean: power output, number of cylinders, cylinder bore, piston stroke, mechanical efficiency (indicated), mean effective pressure, number of working hours.
Mostly often used diesel engines are those of the firms B&W, Sulzer, MAN,FIAT and others. They are recommended as main propulsion engine due to the simplicity in construction, reliability and economy in operation.
Задание 2. Выпишите из текста задания 1 глаголы в страдательном залоге и укажите их неопределенную форму.
Задание 3. Спишите, переведите и расшифруйте технические сокращения:
С.; h.p.; lb/sq.in.; ft.; p.h.; O.D.; No.; deg.; f.; H.P.
Задание 4. Спишите предложения и переведите их.
A geared oil pump delivers the circulating oil as well as the oil used for cooling of engine pistons.
Scavengine air is delivered by a reciprocating scavenging pump installed on the engine.
Lubrication system is used to supply oil to all running parts of the turbine.
Steam turbines are classified as the main turbines and auxiliary ones.
Задание 5. Спишите текст и переведите его со словарем.
Discovery of Volta.
In the beginning of the year 1800 Volta made the first electric battery. He made it of copper and zinc disks which he placed alternately. Above each pair of disks he placed a piece of wet cloth.
This first battery was a form of "dry battery."
Later Volta made a wet battery. Thus Volta showed that by bringing two different metals into contact he could produce an electrical charge. He discovered by experiments that if he placed copper and zinc in sulphuric acid, he could produce a continuous flow of electricity.
He discovered the electric current and with this discovery a new era began in electric inventions.
Вариант 10
Задание 1. Спишите текст и переведите его на русский язык.
Such engine as this one - B&W is installed in many of modern ships, such as in freighters of "Poltava", "Beloretsk" type and tankers of "Split" type. It is recommended а «Ь- main propulsion engine due to the simplicity in construction, reliability and economy in operation. B&W is two stroke single - acting, crosshead marine diesel engine with gasturbocharging system which is of the greatest simplicity. It has uniflow scavenging. The exhaust gases leave the cylinder through the exhaust valve. This exhaust valve is driving b\ the camshaft through the push - rod and rocking lever.
The scavenging and supercharging air passes through the scavenging ports to the cylinder from the scavenging - air receiver. The piston is cooled by oil supplied through the telescope pipes and bores in the piston rod.
Задание 2. Выпишите из текста задания 1 глаголы в страдательном залоге и укажите их неопределенную форму.
Задание 3. Спишите, переведите и расшифруйте технические сокращения:
L.P.; r.p.m.; i.e.; h.p.; mm; H.P.; lb./sq.in.; No.; p.h.
Задание 4. Спишите предложения и переведите их.
1. There are different types of combustion chambers: direct injection, precombustion and turbulence chambers.
2. The major running parts of a diesel engine are crankshaft, connecting rod. crosshead, piston rod and piston.
3. When the turbines work on a closed cycle, products of combustion heat the working medium circulating in the system, which may be either gas or air.
Задание 5. Спишите текст н переведите его со словарем.
The Atom
Everything is made of atoms - you and the stars alike. Atoms are the building block' of the universe, yet they are so small that we have never been able to see them. Usually, each atom of an element - gold for instance - is like every other atom of that element. But the atoms of one element are different from the atoms of all other elements.
Atoms are unbelievably tiny. There are hundreds of billions of them in the head of a pin And there are still smaller particles, of which the atoms themselves are made. Each atom has и nucleus, or central core. Tiny electrons seem to circle around this nucleus. And the nucleus, in turn, is made of smaller particles.
Tiny as atoms are, a tremendous amount of energy is released in atomic piles, or reactor, it can drive heavy machines. Atomic energy can be used in many constructive ways, especially in the fields of chemistry, medicine, and physics. But it can also be used for destructive purposes, to drive submarines and to make bombs and other weapons of war.