Вариант № 5
Задание 1. Спишите текст и переведите его на русский язык.
Among the marine propulsion engines the steam turbines have proved highly efficient. More and more modern ships are equipped with steam turbines. The main propulsion machinery consists of boiler installation, turbine installation and propeller shaft. Modern turbine and boiler units are characterized by high steam pressure and temperature (40 ata, 450*C).
Main turbines, as a rule, develop about 8000 r.p.m. Control over combustion process and boiler feed operation of main turbines is automatic. Variably-pitch propellers are widely used in ships. Turbine machinery in the ship.
We'll try to show you construction of the turbine., their main parts, principle of operation. We start with "the location, arrangement of turbine machinery in the ship.
Certainly, it is located in the after part look on the engine - room arrangement. You see high - pressure (h.p.) low - pressure (l.p.) turbines and a condenser. The turbines are connected with reduction gear which supplies power to the propeller through the shaft. The boiler that supply steam for the turbines are placed above the condenser. The control room is surrounded by auxiliaries.
Steam turbines are classified as the main turbines, which ensure propulsion of the ship and auxiliary turbines, driving the pumps, fans, compressors etc.
As to the construction and principle of operation the turbines are impulse and reaction.
Задание 2. Выпишите из текста задания I глаголы в страдательном залоге и укажите их неопределенную форму.
Задание 3. Спишите, переведите и расшифруйте технические сокращения:
lb/sq.in.; vel.; L.P.; Ltd.; r.p.m.; H.P.; F.; ft.; gal.; h.p.; No.
Задание 4. Спишите предложения и переведите их.
1. At the end of the stroke the gas leaves the cylinder.
2. Compression occurs after the cylinder has been filled with air.
3. In the Diesel engine thermal energy is converted into mechanical energy.
4. The fuel is ignited in the cylinder.
Задание 5. Спишите текст и переведите его со словарем.
Great Britain is one of the most developed European countries.
The official name of the country is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and it consists of England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.
GB is a constitutional monarchy. The queen is the head of state but her powers are limited by parliament.
The country is situated on the British Isles which include two large islands and some fife thousand small islands.
GB is washed by the Atlantic ocean, the North Sea and the Irish Sea. The coast has a lot of bays and capes. The seas around the islands are shallow. There is not a single point in the country which is more than 120 km away from the sea. The country is separated from the European continent by the North Sea and the English channel.
Вариант 6
Задание I. Спишите текст и переведите его на русский язык.
Stork high-pressure fuel pump is of valve type with the control by the end of injection. The control is effected by the pass-by valve opened by means of push rod and rocking lever.
When reversing the plunger is moved up by the rocking lever driven by the cam on the reversing shaft. The change of fuel supply is accomplished by turning the accentric axis on which the rocking lever is mounted.
FIAT high-pressure fuel pump is of valve type with the control by the end of injection period.
The suction of fuel is accomplished through the non-return suction valve. The shut off of the fuel is effected by opening the by-pass valve. This valve is opened by the system of lever driven by cam.
This is fuel pump used in Sulzer engines. It is of valve type with the combined type of control of fuel supply. There are three valves in the pump: suction, by-pass valve, discharge valve. The plunger is driven by the symmetrical cam. The fuel comes through the suction valve when the plunger moves down.
Fuel pump is one of the most important elements of the fuel system. It controls the quantity of fuel injection. There are several types of pumps which we shall discuss in accordance with their construction (plunger and valve types) and principle fuel delivery control.
This control may be accomplished: 1) by the end of injection, 2) by the beginning and 3) by the end and beginning, the so called combined type control.
The fuel pumps are controlled by arms through a common pull-rod connected with the control board.
Задание II. Выпишите из текста задания I глаголы в страдательном залоге и укажите их неопределенную форму.
Задание III. Спишите, расшифруйте и переведите следующие сокращения:
C.; cm; deg.; O.D.; fig.; ft; gal.; g.p.; Nos; sec; sq. In
Задание IV. Спишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык.
Oil from the low pressure system lubricates the main bearings.
The oil pressure from the fuel pump opens the fuel valve automatically.
The heat raises the gas temperature in the cylinder.
The four stroke cycle consists of: the suction stroke, compression stroke, combustion and expansion stroke and exhaust stroke.
Задание V. Спишите текст и переведите его со словарем.
The sixty-year old Soviet shipping industry has created the world’s largest and the most modern ice-breaker fleet. The fleet comprises the atomic giants «Lenin», «Leonid Brezhnev» (ex. «Arktika»), «Sibir», with an engine output of 40,000 hp to 75,000 hp and an unlimited sailing range. Owing to ice-breaker assistance, winter voyages became possible to ports in the Kara Sea, as well as to the Arctic coast, with discharge to a natural berth – the shore ice. Operational capabilities of our ice-breakers were displayed in a voyage made by the atomic «Arktika». On 17 August 1977, she reached the North Pole by surface, for the first time in the history of Arctic navigation. This was a significant victory of the Soviet marine science, technology and navigation.