8. Найдите в тексте ответы на вопросы:

1. What is called economic activity?

2. What is an economic system?

3. What goods are essential commodities?

4. Must economist’s methods be objective and scientific, or religious and subjective?

5. Are all economic systems in the world the same?

6. What is a capitalistic system based on?

7. What is a communistic system based upon?

8. Who owns the property in a capitalistic state?

9. Whom should all property belong to in a communistic state?

10.What economic system has India?

9. Выберите утверждения, соответствующие содержанию текста.

1. Toys for children, visits to the cinema and books are essential commodities .

2. The science of economics is concerned with all our needs.

3. The American system is based on the principles of Karl Marx.

4. An important form of capital in a capitalistic state is surplus income available for investment in new business activities.

5. In all communities limits are imposed upon personal freedom.

6. A communistic system is based on private property and private enterprise.

7. The central authority in communistic countries with complete power decides what quantities of goods will be produced.

8. In private enterprise system the production of goods tends to follow price movements.

9. No state is completely capitalistic.

10.It is possible to plan ahead with a certainty only in a rigidly controlled economy.

10. Кратко перескажите текст.

Vocabulary

to earn – зарабатывать

sum-total – совокупность

to provide – обеспечивать

commodity – товар

essential – существенный

enough – достаточно

particular – особый

satisfaction – удовлетворение

strictly – строго

to be concerned with – интересоваться чем-то

enterprise –предприятие, предпринимательство

essentially – главным образом

private supplies – частные поступления

surplus – остаток, излишек

investment – инвестирование, вложение

to exercise – зд. проявлять

choice – выбор

entirely – абсолютно

to obey – слушаться, повиноваться

to impose – налагать

limits – ограничения

property – собственность

to belong – принадлежать

to charge – зд.назначать (цену)

supply – предложение

demand – спрос

to prevent – предотвращать, препятствовать

fluctuations – колебания

to tend – склоняться к чему -либо

ahead – вперед

certainty – определенность

rigidly – жестко

disasters – бедствия

Test

1. Выберите правильные ответы на данные вопросы. Ответы запишите следующим образом, например: 1-d.

1. How do we call the work people do?

a) private enterprise, c) private property,

b) economic activity, d) economic system.

2. What kind of commodities are food, clothes and shelter?

a) non-essential, c)essential,

b) personal, d)private.

3. What system is based on private enterprise and private property?

a) capitalistic, c) legal,

b) communistic, d) soviet.

4. What freedom do individual citizens exercise in Britain and in the USA?

a) of choice, c) of actions,

b) of labour, d) complete freedom.

5. What must British citizens obey?

a) the Queen, c) the Government,

b) the Prime minister. d) the law.

6. What is imposed upon personal freedom?

a) anarchy, c) limits,

b) instability, d) prices.

7. What is related to supply and demand under capitalism?

a) prices, c) surplus,

b) freedom, d) quality.

8. What can political changes and natural disasters affect in unexpected way?

a) the local authority, c) the private capital,

b) the general plan, d) the essential commodities.